Foundations of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour Exam Answer Key 9

Question 5 1 / 1 point While walking by the shore one day, Sharon sees a person who has fallen into the water and looks to be having trouble swimming. Sharon decides to jump into the water to help this person to safety. The next day, Sharon is featured in the newspaper as a local hero. Which of the following best describes Sharon’s actions? A) Direct reciprocity. B) Cooperation. C) Indirect reciprocity. D) Selfishness. Question 6 1 / 1 point A population of 15 robins are all looking for worms to eat, but are concerned about cats nearby that may be looking to prey on the robins. Which of the following would be true if the population of robins grew to 30 birds? A) Each robin would spend less time keeping watch for predatory cats compared to the population of 15 birds. B) Each robin would spend less time looking for worms to eat compared to the population of 15 birds. C) The group of robins as a whole would spend less time looking for worms to eat compared to the population of 15 birds. D) The group of robins as a whole would spend less time keeping watch for predatory cats compared to the population of 15 birds. Question 7 1 / 1 point A homogeneous population of 4 leaf clovers is growing in Mitchell’s backyard. It is autumn now and leaves have fallen and covered all of the clovers. Without sunlight, the clovers will die. What is likely to happen to the clovers? A) Clovers with an adaptive advantage will survive and natural selection will act upon these clovers. B) Individual differences result in differential survivability allowing some clovers to survive and reproduce. C) All of the clovers in Mitchell’s backyard will die unless the leaves are removed from on top of them. D) Natural selection will act upon the clover population so that the tallest clovers will survive and reproduce. Question 8 1 / 1 point Emma is very angry at her sister because she took their shared laptop to watch a movie, even though she previously had told her sister that she needed it to work on a school project. In retaliation, Emma steals her sister’s beautiful brand-new sweater to wear to school the next day and receives several compliments. Which type(s) of social behaviours would best describe the actions of Emma and her sister? A) Emma and her sister both demonstrated selfishness. B) Emma demonstrated selfishness, whereas her sister demonstrated spite. C) Emma demonstrated spite, whereas her sister demonstrated selfishness. D) Emma and her sister both demonstrated spite. Question 9 1 / 1 point While Leanne is waiting in line for lunch one day with a group of friends, the person ahead of them is frantically searching for her money and exclaims that she must have forgotten it at home. Even though she will likely never see this person again, Leanne gives her money to pay for her lunch. What would be the MOST LIKELY explanation for Leanne’s kind gesture? A) Phenotype Matching. B) Cooperation. C) Direct Reciprocity. D) Indirect Reciprocity. Question 10 1 / 1 point Which of the following is not true about Darwin’s finches? A) The beak size of Darwin’s finches is a great example of selective transmission. B) Beak sizes were permanently changed in this population even after the drought because finches can get more food from big seeds. C) The beak size of finches is nicely explained through the three essential components of natural selection. D) Birds with large and heavy beaks had a greater chance of survival in after the drought because they could eat big seeds. Live Lecture Questions Question 1 1 / 1 point You are researching the impact of dopamine reward systems on drug addiction and have scanned the brains of monkeys using positron emission tomography (PET). When looking at the results of one particular scan you notice that there is a marked reduction in the availability of dopamine receptors. Which of the following is the best prediction regarding the scan you are looking at? A) Scan is of a subordinate male, who is unlikely to become addicted to drugs. B) Scan is of a dominant male, who is unlikely to become addicted to drugs. C) Scan is of a subordinate male, who is likely to become addicted to drugs. D) Scan is of a dominant male, who is likely to become addicted to drugs. Question 2 1 / 1 point Coco was the dominant monkey is his previous enclosure. After being relocated to a new zoo, he finds that he is now lower on the social hierarchy. Which of the following changes should Coco’s handlers expect? A) Coco’s brain will release less serotonin in his new surroundings. B) Coco’s reward circuitry will be more active. C) Dopamine receptor density will be lower in Coco’s brain. D) Coco will be less likely to become engage in addictive behaviours. Recall Web Module Questions Question 3 1 / 1 point Which of the following regarding voltage-gated ion channels is correct? A) Sodium channels open when the membrane potential is near 0mV. B) Sodium channels open when the membrane potential reaches the action potential threshold. C) Potassium channels open when the membrane potential reaches the action potential threshold. D) Potassium channels open when the membrane potential is near 0mV. Question 4 1 / 1 point Which of the following is not a mechanism of antidepressant drugs discussed in web modules? A) Decreased presynaptic reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. B) Decrease in BDNF expression in the hippocampus. C) Inhibition of the presynaptic reuptake of serotonin only. D) Increase of a certain neurotransmitter’s availability in the synaptic cleft. Question 5 1 / 1 point Which of the following best describes an excitatory postsynaptic potential? A) A change in ion concentration such that there is an increase inintracellular potassium. B) A change in charge as a result of increased membrane permeability to sodium ions. C) A change in the extracellular charge measurement from -70mV towards -50mV. D) A change in membrane permeability that prevents a cell from producing an action potential. Question 6 1 / 1 point Which of the following is most correct regarding neural development? A) Initially, dividing founder cells give rise to two identical neurons. B) Neurogenesis occurs first, then migration, maturation, and differentiation. C) After year 1, synaptic connections decrease during development. D) After day 125, cell division now becomes asymmetrical in nature. Application Web Module Questions Question 7 0 / 1 point Which of the following would best explain a neuron that is depolarized from -70mV to -50mV, fires an action potential to depolarize to +30mV, but takes longer than usual to repolarize to the original resting state of -70mV? A) The cell is permeable to large negatively charged protein molecules, which leave the interior of the cell. B) The voltage gated potassium channels opened slowly, and potassium ions could not leave the cell fast enough. C) The leaky potassium channels allowed excessive potassium to leave the cell, making the interior more positive. D) The voltage gated sodium channels closed early, and there was minimal sodium ions entering the neuron. Question 8 1 / 1 point What would be the effect on depression if a drug caused an increase in the number of vesicles containing serotonin reaching the presynaptic membrane? A) There would be an increase in serotonin in the synapse, likely worsening the patient’s depression. B) There would be a decrease in serotonin in the synapse, likely worsening the patient’s depression. C) There would be an increase in serotonin in the synapse, likely improving the patient’s depression. D) There would be a decrease in serotonin in the synapse, likely improving the patient’s depression. Question 9 0 / 1 point What would be the effect on the refractory period if a neuron’s sodium-potassium pump functioned at the same metabolic cost, yet removed 6 sodium ions from inside the cell and replaced them with 4 potassium ions? A) The neuron would have a shorter refractory period, decreasing the frequency of action potentials possible. B) The neuron would have a longer refractory period, decreasing the frequency of action potentials possible. C) The neuron would have a shorter refractory period, increasing the frequency of action potentials possible. D) The neuron would have a longer refractor period, increasing the frequency of action potentials possible. Question 10 1 / 1 point Which of the following results would NOT be expected from a disorder that caused a person to have a sodium voltage gated channel that stayed open even at resting state? A) It would be difficult for an action potential to occur due to the positive charge inside of the cell. B) Electrostatic forces would push potassium ions out of the cell do to the large number of sodium ions entering the cell. C) The inside of the cell would become hyperpolarized due to the large amount of sodium inside the cell. D) An excess of sodium would enter into the cell. Live Lecture Questions Question 1 1 / 1 point Eric is a patient suffering with Capgras’ Delusion. His best friend Jeff, visits him while he is in the hospital. Jeff spends an hour in the hospital with Eric, talking to him about how things are going at school. Of the following, what is the most likely reaction from Eric? A) At first Eric will consider Jeff to be an actor, but after 25 minutes Eric will understand that Jeff is actually his friend. B) Eric will think Jeff is an actor that looks like his friend. C) At first Eric will consider Jeff to be an actor, but after seeing old photos of Jeff, Eric will understand that it is actually his friend. D) As a result of Jeff’s voice, Eric will understand that he is his friend. Question 2 1 / 1 point When examining the brain damage of individuals with hemispatial neglect, we typically see that their damage is located in the right parietal lobe more often than the left parietal lobe. The best explanation for this asymmetry of neglect is: A) Representation of attention to body/space is not distributed equally across the two hemispheres. B) When there is damage to the right parietal lobe, the left parietal lobe is able to compensate because it has a wider spotlight of attention. C) Damage on the left side of the brain is limited to language deficits, not deficits in spatial processing. D) The spotlight of attention is limited to the ipsilateral side of space. Recall Web Module Questions Question 3 Which of the following is not true regarding the hypothalamus? A) It influences when an individual lactates. B) It helps regulate other endocrine glands. 1 / 1 point C) It extends into the anterior pituitary. D) It influences when an individual eats. Question 4 1 / 1 point Which of the following is CORRECT with regards to the advantages of particular types of neuroscience methods described? A) One advantage of fMRI is that it provides excellent temporal resolution. B) One advantage of CT scans is that it can provide fine detail of brain structures that other neuroimaging cannot. C) One advantage of single-cell recording is that it allows researches to relate brain region function to behaviour. D) One advantage of ablation studies is that they are noninvasive, because they are isolated to specific brain structures. Question 5 0 / 1 point Which of the following is true regarding the thalamus? A) It is considered to be part of the midbrain. B) It is located dorsal to the amygdala. C) It relays information about all the sensory modalities. D) It is located rostral to the hypothalamus. Question 6 1 / 1 point Which of the following is CORRECT with regards to structures of the forebrain? A) The hippocampus is particularly important because it controls hormone levels released by the pituitary. B) Two common hormones that are released by the anterior pituitary are oxytocin and vasopressin. C) The thalamus acts as a relay center for various sensory modalities. D) The amygdala contains spatial representations that help one to navigate the world. Application Web Module Questions Question 7 1 / 1 point Mohini is an avid ice hockey player. Unfortunately, Mohini was recently the target of a dangerous hit to the head and has suffered brain damage. The most striking of Mohini’s symptoms is the inability to visually track moving objects.Which of the following brain regions has Mohini likely damaged? A) Somatosensory cortex. B) Inferior Colliculus. C) Temporal Lobe. D) Parietal Lobe. Question 8 1 / 1 point Dr. Bennis is reading his patient’s chart and sees that the patient has suffered a lesion to the medial dorsal caudal region of the brain. Which of the following most accurately describes where that lesion is located? A) The lesion is along the midline of the brain near the bottom at the front of the brain. B) The lesion is along the side of the brain near the top at the back of the brain. C) The lesion is along the side of the brain near the bottom at the front of the brain. D) The lesion is along the midline of the brain near the top at the back of the brain. 1 / 1 point Question 9 Dr. Malcolm’s patient cannot process visual information properly. If the hospital has run out of clean needles, and he cannot give any injections, what brain imaging technique would best identify the specific brain region that is not functioning properly? A) EEG. B) PET scan. C) fMRI. D) MRI. Question 10 1 / 1 point As part of his treatment following a severe brain trauma, Dean Minervo is asked to point to a picture containing a telephone but finds he is unable to do so. In fact, he is also unable to point to a desk when asked to do so. When it is time for lunch, Dean does not eat with the other patients and therapists because he is not hungry, despite having eaten nothing that day. Dean most likely has lesions in which of the following areas? A) Temporal Lobe and Hypothalamus. B) Occipital Lobe and Hypothalamus. C) Occipital Lobe and Thalamus. D) Temporal Lobe and Hippocampus.