Problem Solving and Intelligence

Problem Solving and Intelligence Pre-Quiz Questions 1. Which of the following is the best example of a test that is both reliable and valid? A) Dr. Square administers the same test every day for a week to the same individuals and notices that the results improve across the week, a result consistent with class performance in past years. B) Dr. Triangle administers 2 versions of an advanced human anatomy test, with all students completing both versions, and finds similar grades on both versions with non-anatomy students performing equally well as anatomy students. C) Dr. Circle administers a French-language test twice to individuals and finds differences in scores between subjects with better performance on the second test, a result consistent with studies on language acquisition. D) Dr. Oval administers a monthly general stress test in a control group of subjects and finds that stress levels remain unchanged, consistent with physiological measures of stress hormones. 2. Noura was confused as to why her father would sip his hot tea when she would always gulp down her drinks. When her father offered her some tea, Noura took a big gulp of it just like any other drink and burned her tongue. Her father explained that hot drinks cannot be gulped down and now Noura sips hot drinks but still gulps other drinks. According to Piaget, what occurred? A) Noura assimilated the new information presented. B) Noura created a contingency between gulping hot drinks and pain. C) Noura developed an entirely new schema for drinking. D) Noura had to accommodate for the new information presented. 3. An experiment was conducted to test reaction times to visual stimuli. As soon as a specific cue appeared on screen, participants would have to press a key on the keyboard. In 5 separate trials under the same condition, the reaction times for a subject were 5s, 1s, 2s, 9s, and 4s. What is the reliability and validity of this experiment? A) Both reliable and valid. B) Neither reliable or valid. C) Reliable, but not valid. D) Valid, but not reliable. 4. Which of the following is true regarding intelligence testing? A) The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test was originally designed to test for a general intelligence known as "g". B) The Wechsler Scale of Intelligence standardized IQ, such that the mean is always equal to 100. C) Howard Gardner believed in eight different intelligences, which are all reliant on each other. D) Francis Galton argued that those with faster reaction time had higher levels of intelligence, which was a biased measure. 5. Which of the following is true with regard to intelligence testing? A) The mean IQ for the population is always 100 because IQ is standardized. B) Since IQ scores are standardized, a raw score of 120 will always correspond to a standardized score of 120. C) The standardized mean IQ score in the population has been steadily increasing since it was first measured in 1932. D) The Flynn Effect refers to the observation that the average raw IQ score has not changed since first measured in 1932. 6. Which of the following is supported by Piaget's four stages of development? A) Timothy can successfully arrange a bunch of rocks from biggest to smallest, but struggles to imagine what the organized layout of the rocks looks like from his mother's viewpoint. Timothy is likely near the end of the preoperational stage. B) The four stages of development are all necessary, so it is safe to assume that if a child has undergone the sensorimotor, preoperational, and formal operational stages, they will soon undergo the concrete operational stage. C) Object permanence is the realization that objects exist even whey they are beyond our sight. It is the final milestone a child reaches before moving past the concrete operational stage. D) Alexis has reached the concrete operational stage of her childhood. Her last obstacle is to understand the idea of reverse relationships. When she is asked if her uncle has a niece, she responds with a definite "no". 7. Which of the following correctly desribes heuristics? A) The availability heuristic occurs when there is a struggle between assimilation and accomodation of new information. B) The availability heuristic occurs when we try to fit our perception into a category. C) Reasoning using heuristics is advantageous because it is more accurate than reasoning without heuristics. D) Reasoning using heuristics is advantageous because it is quicker than reasoning without heuristics. 8. Which of the following is true of Piaget's stages of development? A) A child must first pass through the sensorimotor stage where they learn that objects continue to exist when out of sight. B) Though Piaget's stages must be completed in order, a stage may be skipped if the child progresses quickly. C) A child must first pass through the sensorimotor stage where they master the ability to logically order objects. D) Piaget's stages must be completed in order and, consequently, each child must pass through each stage at the same rate. 9. Which of the following would act as the best evidence for "g"? A) An individual performs well on a standardized math test and performs with distinction on a standardized verbal test. B) An individual performs poorly on a vocabulary test, but performs well on another standardized intelligence test. C) An individual performs well on a standardized math test while another individual is more successful on a standardized verbal D) An individual performs well on a variety of informal and standardized math tests. 10. Which of the following accurately describes inductive and deductive reasoning? A) Inductive reasoning: using specific facts to arrive at general theory; Deductive reasoning: using general information to arrive at a specific conclusion B) Inductive reasoning: using general information to arrive at a specific conclusion; Deductive reasoning: using specific facts to arrive at general theory C) Inductive reasoning: using specific facts to arrive at general theory; Deductive reasoning: using general information to arrive at a general conclusion D) Inductive reasoning: using general information to arrive at a general conclusion; Deductive reasoning: using specific facts to arrive at general theory 11. Galton measured reaction times in order to determine a person's underlying intelligence. What was wrong with this approach? A) This test is not reliable because it doesn't actually measure intelligence. B) There are many different kinds of intelligence, and reaction time is only one of them. C) This test evaluates only reaction time, which is not a valid way to assess a person's intelligence. D) Intelligence is based on genetic contributions, so this test of reaction to the environment is not valid. 12. If Marco and Alexa are siblings, which of the following statements about their intelligence is most correct? A) They would be as similar to each other as anyone else, since genetics plays a small role in intelligence. B) If they are monozygotic twins, they will have more similar intelligence than if they were just siblings. C) If they are dizygotic twins, they will have more similar intelligence than if they were just siblings. D) If they are raised in different environments, they will have more similar intelligence than if they were raised together. 13. Which scenario best exemplifies the use of inductive reasoning? A) After interviewing a series of convicted murderers. Melinda formulated a criteria list to guide her in future homicide cases B) Dylan had run into one of his co-workers after hours at an unexpected and questionable location, but this had no bearing on his suspicion about the man. C) Maria is stuck in a difÏcult case: she believes that a particular suspect is guilty of the crime she is attempting to solve but evidence suggests otherwise. D) Using his sharp forensic knowledge. Chase was able to match a hair found on a homicide victims’ body to a hair tested from their lead suspect, the evidence needed to frame the suspect. 14. Which of the following statements about intelligence testing is most correct? A) The average standardized score on the Wechsler scale has increased to 100 over the past 80 years. B) The study of intelligence began with the idea that there is one single type of intelligence. C) Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences proposes that the categories of intelligence will often be correlated. D) Reaction time to sensorimotor tasks was once considered a representation of intelligence. 15. Which of the following abilities does NOT tell us about a person's intelligence? A) A person's ability to learn from their mistakes. B) A person's ability to focus on a new task. C) A person's ability to learn a new skill. D) A person's ability to perform the duties of day-to-day life. 16. What makes an experiment reliable? A) It produces different results when different individuals take the same test. B) It produces similar results when one person takes the test multiple times. C) It measures only one dependent variable. D) It measures only the factor the experiment intended to measure. 17. According to Piaget's theories of intelligence development, what does it mean to assimilate knowledge? A) Change an existing schema due to new information. B) Incorporate new information into an existing schema C) Abandon a previous schema to incorporate new information. D) Create an entirely new schema 18. Which of the following statements concerning the Wechsler Scales is true? A) An IQ score of 90 is a strong standardized score and is well above the average performance of the population. B) An individual's score on the Wechsler test is independent of the performance of the population. C) An IQ score of 115 has a higher raw score than a score of 115 achieved a year earlier. D) Someone receiving a standardized IQ score of 100 has achieved a perfect score on the Wechsler Scale. 19. Which of the following best describes the role of genetics and the environment using twin studies? A) Looking at identical twins who were raised separately can better explain the impact of the environment, compared to assessing fraternal twins. B) Looking at fraternal twins who were raised separately can better explain the impact of the environment, compared to assessing identical twins. C) IQ is highly correlated with fraternal twins (r=0.6) rather than identical twins (r=0.8). D) IQ is highly correlated with identical twins (r=0.6) rather than fraternal twins (r=0.8). 20. Which of the following best describes a child who is in the preoperational stage? A) She is able to understand the abstract and theoretical world. B) She is able to logically order objects in terms of height. C) She does not realize objects can exist if she cannot see it anymore. D) She has difÏculty understanding the world through others' perspectives. 21. The M is used to test numerical literacy in children under the age of 3. It relies mostly on verbal communication and produces fairly consistent results when taken several times. Which qualities does the M likely possess? A) Reliability B) Neither reliability nor validity C) Both reliability and validity D) Validity 22. Susanna is turning 5 this year. Which of the following best describes her cognitive abilities according to Piaget? A) Susanna knows that when her brother takes her toy into his room, it still exists. B) Susanna understands that her brother likes broccoli, even though she doesn't. C) Susanna is able to do abstract math. D) Susanna would say that her brother has a sister. 23. You hear a crash in the kitchen. You see your little sibling being scolded and there is glass on the floor. You reason that your brother has dropped a cup and made a mess. What type of reasoning was used to come to this understanding? A) Deductive reasoning, going from theory to facts. B) Deductive reasoning, going from facts to theory. C) Inductive reasoning, going from facts to theory. D) Inductive reasoning, going from theory to facts. 24. What is deductive reasoning? A) The use of subjective observations to come to a specific conclusion. B) The use of empirical evidence to come to a specific conclusion. C) The use of critical thinking to come to a specific conclusion. D) The use of current knowledge to come to a specific conclusion. 25. Which of the following is NOT a potential reason mentioned in the module for the observed Flynn effect? A) Increased funding on sporting activities B) Increased quality of schooling C) Increased availability of information D) Increased food and health 26. Which of the following is true of Piaget's stages of development? A) Children may develop skills before Piaget thought, but not have the language to convey these skills. B) A person who has object permanence could not still be in the preoperational stage. C) After 7 years of age, a person would be capable of conversing about abstract topics. D) Piaget correctly suggested that all people develop skills in the same order. 27. Which of the following statements is correct? A) All children exposed to the n-back test video game demonstrated increased working memory function. B) Lowering n and therefore increasing the frequency of matches can increase the difÏculty of the nback test. C) In a 2008 experiment, test and control groups attained higher scores on subsequent intelligence testing. D) Individuals using the knowledge trainer demonstrated no preserved increases in fluid intelligence. 28. What is confirmation bias? A) Searching for evidence to both support and counter your hypothesis. B) Claiming a hypothesis to be true without examining an alternative. C) Designing an experiment to test only one hypothesis. D) Examining evidence that only supports your hypothesis. 29. When playing peek-a-boo with her father, Ashley began to cry when her father hid under the cover because she thought she was left all alone. When her father reappears from underneath the covers, she always has a surprised and happy look upon her face. Which of the four stages of development is Ashley in? A) Sensorimotor Stage B) Concrete Operational Stage C) Preoperational Stage D) Formal Operational Stage 30. Which of the following is true of IQ? A) IQ is standardized with an average of 100, meaning your IQ score is solely based on your performance. B) The Flynn effect describes how IQ scores are continuously rising--specifically 15 points every 3 years. C) IQ is standardized with an average of 100, meaning your IQ score is relative to the scores of others. D) The Flynn effect describes how IQ scores are continuously rising --specifically 5 points every 3 years. Problem Solving and Intelligence Quiz Questions 1. A certain clinical assessment of narcissistic personality tendencies is comprised of a wide range of questions that, in a very covert way, cover the entire range of symptoms and tendencies related to clinical narcissism. This past week, the test was administered to its first set of participants. What is this test? A) Reliable. B) Valid. C) Valid and reliable. D) Valid but only somewhat reliable. 2. Two siblings, Hailey who is 6 and Dilan who is 8, were given a full glass of milk each in the same size cup. Their mom poured one of the glasses of milk into a wider plastic cup because it was in one of her favourite glasses and she thought the kids might break it. Who is more likely to complain about not wanting the plastic cup because it has less milk? A) Dilan B) Both Hailey and Dilan. C) Hailey. D) Neither Hailey nor Dilan. 3. Which of the following examples of reasoning is correct? A) Nedra heard that her favourite team's top-rated player would be starting, so she uses deductive reasoning to conclude her team will win. B) Shawna sees a luxury car in front of a restaurant, and uses deductive reasoning to conclude the owner has expensive tastes. C) Ahmed is told about a shooting that happened in a certain neighbourhood and uses deductive reasoning to conclude it must have been a bad part of town. D) Mirjam looks at the high average on the weekly quizzes and uses inductive reasoning to conclude the quizzes were designed to be a source of easy marks. 4. Which of the following is a key difference between assimilation and accommodation? A) Assimilation is the use of schemas to interpret the world, whereas accommodation is the creation or modification or these mental frameworks. B) Assimilation is performed when major alterations to existing schemas is required, whereas accommodation is performed when minor adjustments to existing schemas is required. a Assimilation involves adding new information into existing schemas, whereas accommodation incorporates known information into new schemas. D) Assimilation involves adding new information to existing schemas, whereas accommodation involves modifying existing schemas. 5. What do validity and reliability mean, respectively? A) Your measure is consistent; you have no outliers. B) Your measure is consistent; you are measuring what you intend to. C) You have no outliers; your measure is consistent. D) You are measuring what you intend to; your measure is consistent. 6. Which of the following statements about reliability and validity is most correct? A) Reliability measures whether an individual's test results are stable across time, and validity ensures that the test is measuring what it is trying to measure. B) Reliability ensures that the test is measuring what it is trying to measure, and validity measures whether the test is generalizable to the population. C) Reliability describes whether the test is generalizable to the population, and validity ensures that the test is measuring what it is trying to measure. D) Reliability describes whether the test is generalizable to the population, and validity measures whether an individual's test results are stable across time. 7. Which of the following is NOT used as a measure of intelligence? A) Ability to execute cognitive tasks B) Ability to solve problems C) Ability to learn new skills D) Ability to accurately use heuristics 8. Which of the following best describes the confirmation bias? A) Ignoring evidence that confirms your hypothesis B) Observing data that confirms the null hypothesis. C) Only considering evidence that is in favor of your hypothesis D) Observing data within an experiment 9. According to the article "Building Better Brains", which of the following is true about fluid intelligence? A) A parent with high fluid intelligence is likely to have a child who also has high fluid intelligence. B) Fluid intelligence can be trained, while IQ scores cannot increase with practise. C) The ability to do mental arithmetic is a part of working memory, not fluid intelligence. D) Fluid intelligence can never be trained, while IQ scores can increase with practise. 10. According to the Building Better Brains article, which of the following best characterizes the findings of the research testing fluid intelligence using the dual n-back test? A) Older adults showed the lowest variability. B) Children showed the lowest variability. C) Children showed the highest variability. D) Older adults showed the highest variability.