Levels of Cellular Organization Objectives  Define cell organization.  Illustrate levels of cell organization.  Differentiate types of cell organization within the body. Key Terms  Cell: The smallest organized unit of a living organism.  Organelle: A structure inside the cell that helps it survive.  Protoplasm: All the living material found in a cell capable of carrying on all the life processes. Why is Cellular Organization Important?  Living organisms need to do things in order to survive.  Different parts of the body take care of chores to keep itself running.  All parts work together in harmony to keep the animal alive. Atom  The most basic unit of matter.  Essentially the building blocks of everything in the universe.  Can be neutral, negative, or positively charged  A group of atoms is called a molecule Molecule  A group of two or more atoms held together with a neutrally charged covalent bond.   May consist of like atoms (O2) or several different atoms (H2O) Too small to be seen with the naked eye Cell  Basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.    Smallest classified living thing. “The Building Block of Life” Can be single celled or multicellular  Two types: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic  Prokaryotic are usually independent  Eukaryotic are inside multicellular organisms Tissue  A group of cells (not necessarily identical) that perform the same function.  Four types of animal tissue: Connective, Muscle, Nervous, and Epithelial Connective Tissue  Fibrous, nonliving material  Gives shape to organs and holds them in place.  Examples: Blood and Bone Muscle Tissue  Most active tissue  Contractile: has the ability to contract and expand  Produces force and movement  Separated into three different categories:  Visceral/Smooth: inner lining of organs  Skeletal: Attaches to bones to create movement  Cardiac: Found in the heart used to pump blood throughout the body Nervous Tissue  Transmits communication throughout the body.  Two Types: Central Nervous System: Forms the brain and spinal cord  Peripheral Nervous System: Cranial Nerves and Spinal Nerves as well as the motor neurons  Epithelial Tissue  Covers organ surfaces  Provides barrier between exterior and interior of organism  Can specialize in secretion and absorption  Protection from microorganisms, injury, and fluid loss Organ  A group of tissues joined together to serve a common function.  Classified into two types: Parenchyma: Main tissue, unique for the specific organ Ex. Myocardium in the heart  Sporadic: Stroma, Include nerves, blood, and connective tissues  Organ System  Also called a biological system or body system  Two or more organs working together to perform a specific task  Ex. Muscle and Skeletal create Musculoskeletal System  Eleven major organ systems in animals:  Circulatory, Digestive, Endocrine, Excretory, Immune, Integumentary, Muscular, Muscular, Nervous, Reproductive, Respiratory, Skeletal Organism  A contiguous living system such as an animal or plant. It is a complex system that has the ability to reproduce and sustain life. Review  Define cell organization.  Illustrate levels of cell organization.  Differentiate types of cell organization within the body.

Levels of Cellular Organization

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