Risk Factors: High BP Poor diet Lack of exercise Obesity Signs & Symptoms: Polydipsia Polyuria Polyphagia Fatigue Dehydration Col-clammy skin Vision changes Disease Process: DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2 Chronic disorder related to lack of insulin or resistance to insulin, does not use it effectively Treatment, Labs and Diagnostic Tests: Insulin therapy Exercise/Diet Blood glucose monitoring Oral agents: Biguanides (Metformin), Sulfonylureas (end in “ide” Glimepride)—stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells, Meglitnides (end in “glinide”)—increase insulin production from pancreas Hemoglobin A1C Test Bun & Creatinine Urinalysis Nurse Diagnosis: Risk for impaired skin integrity related to peripheral neuropathy as evidence by increased blood glucose Complications: Somogyi Effect Dawn Phenomenon Retinopathy Nephropathy Dermopathy Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHS) Nurse Education & Interventions: Educate about diet and exercise Assess skin for impairment Monitor blood glucose Avoid sugar Instruct patient to not walk barefoot & keep toenails trimmed after showers Check injection site periodically Educate about home self-care