University:
Swansea University
Course:
PM-139 | Human Physiology 1
Academic year:

2023
Views:

169

Pages:

2
Author:

Amal J.

Pathology: CSF production ↑sed/ ↓ absorption ↓ Accumulation of CSF ↓ Ventricular dilation ↓ CSF pierces the periventricular white matter ↓ White matter glial scarring (gliotic scarring) Clinical features: I) Infant II) Adult Infant Acute stage: → irritability → vomiting → conscious impaired Gradual stage: → tensed anterior fontanelle → ↑ head circumference → thinning of scalp → dilated blood vessels → cracked pot sound → setting sun appearance [cannot able to do upward gaze, eye lid retraction] → mental retardation → failure to thrive Adult Acute stage: → headache → vomiting → papilledema → impaired consciousness Gradual stage (triad): → limb ataxia → incontinence → dementia or normal symptom hyd Investigations: 1) CT scan 2) MRI 3) skull X-Ray 4) ultrasonography 5) ICP monitoring 6) developmental & psychometric assessment 1) Skull X-Ray: → size → suture width → erosion - 'clenoids' (↑ ICP pressure) → basilar impression 2) CT scan: → dilation of ventricles - generalized ventricle (lateral, 3rd, 4thh vent) → due to communicating → lateral, 3rd-dilation, 4th (normal - aqueductal stenosis, and deviated/ absent from position - obstructive)