University:
Swansea University
Course:
PM-139 | Human Physiology 1
Academic year:

2023
Views:

326

Pages:

2
Author:

Amal J.

VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY Vitamin D deficiency can result from inadequate nutritional intake of vitamin D coupled with inadequate sunlight exposure. Deficiency results in impaired bone mineralization and leads to bone softening diseases including rickets and osteomalacia in children and osteoporosis in adults. Risk factors: - age - malnutrition - obesity is a high risk for vitamin D deficiency - sometimes who have removed parathyroid gland, renal dialysis, tertiary parathyroidism, primary parathyroidism or hypoparathyroidism - sun exposure Nutritional factors: vitamin D deficiency may worsen cancer. Childhood disease chart - by impeded growth & deformity of the long bones. The earliest sign: craniotabes - abnormal softening or thinning of the skull. Osteomalacia: bone thinning disorder that occurs exclusively in adults and is characterized by proximal muscle weakness & bone fragility. Osteoporosis: - reduced bone mineral density and ↑ bone fragility - muscle ache and weakness (proximal limb girdle) - muscle twitching (fasciculation)