Burns and its Classifications

BURNSIDefinition , (I)Enternal burn injury comprisesdamage to the skin and theremag be love of skin or underlyingSStissues.chassification:perEry themiraSuperficialsuperficialpartial thicknessRevardial partialthicknesstain Deep thicknessDeep dermalpath toDefinition (II)artTissue damage from encessiveheat, electricity, radioactivity andcorrosive chemicals that, electroy ordestroyelenatures protects in the exposedcells will called as burnsDefinition ii :Generally the systemic 360988 affectsofa burn is greater threat towardthe life anderslocal effects.lut. classification:Erythemasuperficialsuperficialpartial thicknessDeepdermalFull thi ckness.Erythema : [Redness of skin JThe skin remain intactthe orythema lack for a few days,The pt does not requirenormal medicines help. under there isentensive damage.Eg : sun bur.xEscarIS a dead leathery stainwhich is found in full thickness bond,It may have tourniquet effect onthe underlying tissues due to edema.EscharotomyEscharectomy. Aetiology [ scalds - hot liquids JFireElectricitycorrorine chemicals - cementRadio activityEnplosive materials.pathology :Epidermis or chemicals is injuredthe cell membrane got damagedIncrease is a capi Mary permiabilitythat causes edema or accumulationof fluid is entra cellular space.proteins blood cell. .cardiae faidure cardior current:Total surface area = 1/2 TBSA X ageHR x 1/13p. .100 - [age of patient]100 - [ Total burn surface area J Cage orpatient]. superficial =laakageTissue damagesee page offluid in between layers of epidermiscaring us a blister surrounded by adark red orythema movement ofburnod area can be very painfulBlitors will continue to appear ovethe 1st 24 hours after burning .superficial (epidermis)partial thicknessDeep Cepidermis parti alBlisters I patches of white2pt dermis)detroyed tissue and red areas 1:sensory impairment.Full thicknessEpidems and dermis and otherunderlying tissue are destroyed.presenting surface may beblack, white, yellow .It iselastic and unable to stretch (Theerear) . If the burn is in uniferential[arround J skin can have a tower iqueteffect as swelling develops. Escharo to my :It is an longi itudisal incisionesmade through schar do alongits full length to reduce tension,for niquet effect with in the 1st brour.of admission to hospital.The skin is dead NO analgesia.Aetiology of burns:Firepartial or full thickness. -chemicalcaustic Substance egcement deep burns.scaldingElectricityHot H20 [common in elder]Inhalationcontact with Live wiresteam.of Flames. ho + glases orFire burns =the pt. Caught by tire partialor full thickness burns, Hash flames.causes partias thickness burns. chemical burns :caustic substanceg(eg)cement cen cause deep burn/promptaction can limit depth of tissue involved2scalding :-myHot water is the most commoncause of scords.It may be in the form n of hotdrink boiling fluid from a pash or kettle.common is the olderly/Idinbingintsethe not bath and being unable toa time and again depth & exposuretime.Electrical burns :Burns will appears is theskin where there has been contact with aa live wireJBurns at the entry and enitsiteof the electric current tNon prectictablebe entensivo damage to developdeep can structure with a little enternalevidence.complicated by cardio respiratoryarrest.Inhalation burns I.GInhalation of flames , hot gase or steamthreatconstritute a major thoroct to upperairwayoedema of the larynn PharynnadtougheaEarly diagnosis is essentialThe pt may be in cubated before theoedema becomes entensive [as this willprevent passing of the ondo trochealtube].pathological changes with burns(shock -the inhibitory of thecirculatory system to meet theneeds of tissue for oxygen andnutrient and removal of the metablites, can last for 2-3days longeris the orderlywithin minute of the burn beingsustainedbedema gather , boreath the damagearea or a result of i increased capillarypermiability of the affected tissueslow of protein and elettrolyte fromblood.main changes are !volaemiaplasma volumeHypo ratio of RBC to plasma is thebloodT , vessels - T bloodviscocity alowing ofthe virulation.V.circulation. outputHeart rate during the stage themain dangers are form pulmonaryoedema occumulation of arteries I cardiae Failuretailure , renal failure, liverand permant brain and vital organdamage.wwine Horpital referral :minor Burns ; less than 10%surface area in child.In adult - Less than 15%surface area -Non compless injurine areacleaned with chlorhenidineand covered with a parterlidianon -strike drewing patientcan rest at home dressing aredressingchaned every 2-3 days at hospitalnursing clinics.major Burns !In children 10% of moreIn adult 15% TBSA or more ifthe injury is complen The patientwill be admitted to the burnsunit or intentive care unit. medical managementEarly hospital managementincluding the shock phase involves :emaintance of a clear airwaypain releitAnterment of TBSAmaintaince of fluid balance.Removal of achberant clothing &covering of the burns with STERILEcotion DRESXWGSApplication neutriclising agentoffor clinical burns,possed peass urance and amplanationto the patients.Transfer to a burns units 200 oradmission for an atensive careunit.