University:
Swansea University
Course:
PM-139 | Human Physiology 1
Academic year:

2023
Views:

485

Pages:

2
Author:

Amal J.

* loss of motor nuclei in brainstem * less no. of fibers in corticospinal tract & corticobulbar tract * no evidence of inflammatory change but it has inclusion bodies like Lewy bodies & bacillus * reduce no. of RNA & abnormality defect is present in gene Initial stage 75% of cases have the problem of weakness/wasting of muscles in extremities 25% of cases have the problem of dysarthria & dysphagia Kalos stage → all the muscles are affected → respiratory muscle weakness causes death FRONTAL DIMENTIA * 2-3% - of familial cases * defect in intellectual fns due to atrophy of frontal lobe. Progressive lateral sclerosis: → ↑ tone → spasticity/weakness → ↑ DTR → extensor plantar response Progressive muscular atrophy: → weakness → wasting → fasciculation → muscle cramp → skeleton hand/ guttered appearance of hand: wasting of muscle in hand especially Dorsal interossei & only tendon is visible Progressive bulbar palsy: Atrophy/ fasciculation of muscle innervated by cranial nerve → jaw reflex & gauge reflex are absent → fasciculation & wasting of tongue muscle Pseudo bulbar palsy: common involvement nerve are V, VIII, X, XI, XII