University:
Texas A&M University
Course:
BIOL 319 | Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology I
Academic year:

2019
Views:

128

Pages:

43
Author:

lankstoetp14

Basics Cartilage and Bone Cartilage and Bone Bone, rabbit femur - Chondroblasts/chondrocytes – – – – – – – – – – Compact bone Spongy bone Concentric lamellae, Haversion system = osteon Haversion canal, Volkmann’s canal Osteoid Osteoblast/osteocytes Lacunae Canaliculi Cross section Spongy bone Compact bone Muscle cartilage Functions of Cartilage and Bone Cartilage Evolutionary - embryonic model for bones Slides across each other easily while bearing weight (joints, articular surfaces of bones) Cushion - cartilage has limited compressibility (joints) Bone Skeletal support land animals Protective enclosure (vital organs) Skull to protect brain and long bone to protect hematopoietic cells Hematopoiesis Hematopoiesis CELLS OF CT FIBROBLASTS MESENCHYMAL CELLS and RBC ADIPOSE CELLS MACROPHAGE PLASMA CELLS MAST CELLS and WBC CHONDROBLASTS CHONDROCYTES OSTEOBLASTS OSTEOCYTES OSTEOCLASTS Ref code # 12 TYPES OF CARTILAGE CHONDROCYTES HYALINE CARTILAGE Chondrocytes Lacunae = “space” FIBROCARTILAGE ELASTIC CARTILAGE Fetal elbow Transformation zone of cartilage to bone HYALINE CARTILAGE Perichondrium Fetal elbow – Hyaline cartilage, synovial membrane – Dense irregular connective tissue of the perichondrium – Bone matrix = Osteoid – Demo slide box 159 Trachea, monkey – Hyaline cartilage Perichondrium Chondrocytes Air way Outer ear – Elastic cartilage Epithelium Elastic fibers Perichondrium Epithelium (F-H-48-1) –Pinna of ear, cat Elastic cartilage Elastic fibers Chondrocyte Chondroblast Dense irregular tissue of the perichondrium FIBROCARTILAGE Tendon/ ligament Fibroblast in Tendon/ligament INTERMEDIATE BETWEEN DENSE REGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE AND HYALINE CARTILAGE FIBROCARTILAGE NO PERICHONDRIUM Chondrocytes in fibrocartilage Bone Fibrocartilage of Fetal elbow Type 1 collagen bundles in fibrocartilage Skeletal muscle Chondrocytes in fibrocartilage (53a) – Femur, cat. Bone Fibrocartilage is found connecting other structures. Here, the fibrocartilage is joining tendon to bone. Chondrocytes in fibrocartilage Fibroblasts in tendon Dense irregular connective tissue capsule, the perichondrium. An exception is the articular surface of cartilage in joints where the capsule is removed by the contact of hyaline cartilage at the surface of touching bones, Perichondrium Articular surface has no perichondrium. Fetal elbow Joint is encapsulated by the synovial membrane Tibia, fetal Fibroblasts of the perichondrium In the fetal tibia, the perichondrium is a very prominent layer in actively growing fetal cartilage (note high density of cells developing) Cartilage Tibia, fetal Sulfated glycosaminoglycans as extracellular substrate Cartilage Fibroblasts Chondroblasts Chondrocytes Perichondrium EM 11: Perichondrium Fibroblast Perichondrium Appositional growth Chondrocyte Chondrocytes Interstitial growth = mitotic division of chondrocytes within the cartilage Growth plate RER EM 13: Interstitial growth of chondrocytes Ref code #5 Ref code #5 Fetal elbow Hyaline cartilage, Fibrocartilage Dense regular connective tissue Bone matrix Lacunae Fetal finger Cancellous (spongy) bone Growth plate Compact bone Fetal finger Osteoblasts, osteoid, lacunae, osteocytes, osteoclasts Cancellous (spongy) bone Compact bone Cartilage Osteocytes Osteoclasts Compact bone Fetal finger Osteoblasts are cells that can be seen along the surface of the trabeculae Compact bone Trabeculae Osteocytes EM 12: Osteoblasts Prominent rough ER, Large Golgi complex Secretory vesicles Hydroxyapatite crystals EM 12: Osteoblast Prominent rough ER, Large Golgi complex Secretory vesicles Rat bone toluidine blue stain of thin (.5 um) section Osteoblasts, osteoid, lacunae, osteocytes, osteoclasts Bone diagram Outer circumferential lamella Compact bone Inner circumferential lamella – Concentric lamellae – Haversion canal Spongy bone – Volkmann’s canal – Haversion system Haversion canal Bone diagram Haversion canal, – Osteocyte – Lacunae, – Canaliculi, One forth of a Haversion system, Compact bone Concentric compact bone Haversion canal – Osteocytes – Lacunae – Canaliculi Haversian system = osteon Bone matrix = osteoid Osteons (“Haversian systems”) Osteonal (“Haversian” or “central”) canals Concentric lamellae Canaliculi lacunae Vet school Outer circumferential lamella Bone, rabbit femur Ref code #6 Inner circumferential lamella – Concentric lamellae, – Osteocytes – Lacunae, – Haversion canal – Haversion system, Compact bone compact bone Bone, rabbit femur – Concentric lamellae – Haversion canal – Osteocytes – Lacunae – Haversion system Compact bone Bone, rabbit femur endosteum – Compact bone – Concentric lamellae – Haversion system – Haversion canal – Osteocytes – Lacunae – Canaliculi Bone (unstained) – Compact bone, Haversion system, Haversion canal, Volkmann’s canal Bone (unstained) Compact bone – Haversion system – Haversion canal – Osteocytes Volkmann’s canal Osteoblasts, osteoid, lacunae, osteocytes, osteoclasts HYALINE CARTILAGE EPIPHYSEAL PLATE, RESPONSIBLE FOR LONGITUDINAL GROWTH OF LONG BONES Ref code # 6, 7 Endochondral Ossification Proliferation and alignment of epiphyseal cartilage cells is followed by hypertrophy and calcification Secondary spongiosa have osteoid cores Primary spongiosa have cartilage cores Slide 121 Fetal Finger In summary Questions on Cartilage and Bone • Which is/are true about endochondral bone growth? a. b. c. d. e. growth in width occurs by appositional growth growth in length occurs at the epiphyseal plate by interstitial growth of cartilage followed by replacement by bone secondary spongiosa has an osteoid core a and b a, b, and c • Cartilage differs from bone in: a. b. c. d. e. diffusibility of the extracellular matrix presence of isogenous groups of cells ability for appositional growth a and b a, b, and c

Basics Cartilage and Bone

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