University:
Texas A&M University
Course:
BIOL 319 | Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology I
Academic year:

2019
Views:

353

Pages:

45
Author:

MoGhoadoAnotozj9

Endocrine System OBJECTIVE GAIN A GREATER APPRECIATION OF THE DIVERSITY OF FUNCTIONS OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM RECOGNIZE DIFFERENT ORGANS, UNIQUE FEATURES OF ORGANS, AND CELLS THAT MAKE THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Ref code #2, 12 Function of the endocrine system “The endocrine system is the collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood, among other things.” Ref code #5 Ref code # 2, 5 Ref code #5 Slide 74: Pituitary (Masson’s trichrome) Adenohypophysis Infundibular stalk Neurohypophysis Pars Distalis Infundibular Stem/Stalk Median Eminence Pars Tuberalis (of the tuber Pars Intermedia cinereum) Pars nervosa Carcinoma Pars nervosa Pars intermedia Pars distalis Slide 74: Pituitary (early carcinoma in posterior Histo074 lobe) Pars distalis Chromophobes Acidophils Pars nervosa Basophil Pituicyte nuclei Herring body 490 Herring bodies in pars nervosa of Hypophysis Pars nervosa Ref code # 5, 12 191 Herring bodies Pituitary (Herlant's stain) pars nervosa Ref code #5 Pituitary (Herlant's stain) pars intermedia 191 Pars distalis pars nervosa 191 Pars distalis of Pituitary (Herlant's stain) with chromophobe cells , acidophils, and basophils 490 Ref code #5 Pars distalis of Hypophysis Chromophobes Basophils Parafollicular cells produce follicle Follicles Follicular cells colloid follicle colloid Ref code #5 Thyroid gland Components of a thyroid gland: thyroid gland 1. Colloid 2. Follicular cells 184 3. Capillary Follicular cells Capillary Colloid Ref code # 5, 6 Thyroid – follicular cells 184 colloid follicular cells 184 Thyroid –parafollicular cells Parafollicular cells produce calcitonin Ref code #7 Ref code #5 ZONA GLOMERULOSA ZONA FASCICULATA Adrenal ZONA RETICULARIS ZONA RETICULARIS Medulla Ref code # 16 ZONA GLOMERULOSA ZONA FASCICULATA ZONA RETICULARIS Medulla Ref code # 12 ZONA GLOMERULOSA ZONA FASCICULATA sinusoids ZONA RETICULARIS 186 Adrenal -cortex and medulla cortex capsule medulla 186 Adrenal -cortex and medulla Central adrenal vein cortex medulla Chromaffin cells 186 Adrenal -cortex and medulla Chromaffin cells are basophilic Sinusoids ZONA GLOMERULOSA ZONA RETICULARIS ZONA FASCICULATA 186 Adrenal - central vein central vein Smooth muscle Ref code #5 Ref code #5 Ref code #5 Parathyroid – chief cells and oxyphils 188 Parathyroid – chief cells and oxyphils 188 Parathyroid – chief cells and oxyphils 484 Osteoporosis due to hyperparathyroidism Ref code #7 Ref code # 10 78 Pancreas - Islets of Langerhans 158 Islet cells Pancreatic acinar cells 34218 Rat pancreas Pancreatic acinar cells Islet cells sinusoids Blood vessels 19680 Ref code #5 Rich vascular supply Leydig cells Seminerious tubules 293 Leydig cells 165 Leydig cells the rich vascular supply Seminerious tubules EM 20 tubular cristae in mitochondria nucleus SER RER Ref code #5 268 Follicle Corpus Luteum EM 24 PINEAL BODY (Slide 290 Human Pineal) Connective tissue capsule sand granules (brain sand) Pinealocytes VARIATIONS IN THE MICROVASCULATURE COMMON ARTERIOLE  CAPILLARY  VENULE VENOUS PORTAL SYSTEM CAPILLARY  PORTAL VEIN  CAPILLARY ?) ( ENDOCRINE EXAMPLE ARTERIAL PORTAL SYSTEM CAPILLARY  PORTAL ARTERIOLE  CAPILLARY ?) ( ENDOCRINE EXAMPLE Releasing hormones are distributed in second capillary bed of venous portal system Ref code # 12 Into the first capillary network Second capillary network (1 st CAPILLARY in hypothalamus) PORTAL VEIN In stalk 490 Human pituitary 2 nd CAPILLARY Pars distalis Pars distalis VENOUS PORTAL SYSTEM ISLETS Of LANGERHANS First capillary network of the ARTERIAL PORTAL SYSTEM modifies blood composition with insulin / glucagon First capillary network Second capillary network Second capillary network uses the modified blood composition with insulin (+) / glucagon (-) to regulate acinar cell protein enzyme production 34218 Rat pancreas Islet cells 1 st CAPILLARY 2 nd CAPILLARY ARTERIAL PORTAL SYSTEM In summary Ref code #5 Questions on the endocrine system 1.The pituitary has little effect on regulation of hormone secretions in which of the following? a. ovary b. adrenal cortex c. adrenal medulla d. a and b e. a, b, and c 2. Calcium concentrations in the blood are affected by: a. calcitonin from the thyroid b. resorption of bone by osteocytes c. parathyroid hormone from the parafollicular cells d. a and b e. a, b, and c 3. Which region of the adrenal - hormone produced match? a. zona glomerulosa - aldosterone b. zona fasciculata - cortisol c. zona reticularis - androgens d. a and b e. a, b, and c