University:
Texas A&M University
Course:
BIOL 319 | Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology I
Academic year:

2019
Views:

38

Pages:

50
Author:

MoGhoadoAnotozj11

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM I PART 3: SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINES Objectives Digestive System I • Name the parts of the digestive tract. • Identify the four layers that form the walls of the tubular organs of the digestive tract and the tissue types found in each layer. • Identify and know the distinguishing structural features of the various regions of each of the tubular organs of the digestive tract. • Identify the organ region and cell types present from a slide or photomicrograph of a section of any part of the digestive tract • Part 1: Cells • Part 2: Oral cavity to stomach • Part 3: Small and large intestines Slide 57: Pyloric stomach Serosa Muscularis externa . Muscularis externa Submucosa Mucosal epithelium Lamina propria Gastric pits Submucosa Muscularis mucosa Pyloroduodenal junction, baboon 147 SMALL INTESTINE GENERAL ORGANIZATION CRYPTS OF LIEBERKUHN INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM ABSORPTIVE CELLS ENTEROENDOCRINE CELLS PANETH CELLS GOBLET CELL Stomach Small intestine Duodenum 152 Duodenum, monkey Small intestine - Slide 58: Pyloric stomach and duodenum Pyloric stomach • Note that the glands lie within the lamina propria Muscularis mucosa Duodenum • Note that the glands lie within the submucosa Slide 58 : Duodenum Mucosal epithelium Lamina propria Muscularis mucosa Paneth cell Submucosa Muscularis externa Enteroendocrine cell Serosa Slide 58 : Duodenum Simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells Submucosal Brunner’s glands LAMINA PROPRIA SUBMUCOSA (GLANDS OF BRUNNER) EM 41: Duodenum 59 Slide 59: Duodenum (Argentaffin cells; Fontanna-Masson stain) Paneth cells Argentaffin cells Paneth cells Slide 60: Small intestines (jejunum) Duodenum Jejunum Plicae circulares Villi 1 2 3 4 5 1. Mucosal epithelium 2. Lamina propria 4. Submucosa 5. Muscularis externa 3. Muscularis mucosa 6. Serosa 6 Slide 60 : Small intestines (jejunum) mesothelium Duodenum 153 Jejunum Serosa Plicae circulares Villi 1 2 3 4 5 1. Mucosal epithelium 2. Lamina propria 4. Submucosa 5. Muscularis externa 3. Muscularis mucosa 6. Serosa 6 Slide 60 : Small intestines (jejunum) mesothelium Duodenum 153 Jejunum Serosa Plicae circulares Villi 1 2 3 4 5 1. Mucosal epithelium 2. Lamina propria 4. Submucosa 5. Muscularis externa 3. Muscularis mucosa 6. Serosa 6 Slide 60 : Small intestines (jejunum) Central lacteal Goblet cells Brush border Myenteric plexus Paneth cell Submucosal plexus and vasculature EM 1, 7, and 9: Small intestine EM 1, 7, and 9: Small intestine Three structures increase the surface area of the small intestine 1. Plicae (3x) 2. Villi (10x) 3. Microvilli (20x) LAMINA PROPRIA CONNECTIVE TISSUE BETWEEN INTESTINAL GLANDS AND FORMS CORES OF INTESTINAL VILLI Blood vessel 32409 LAMINA PROPRIA CONNECTIVE TISSUE BETWEEN INTESTINAL GLANDS AND FORMS CORES OF INTESTINAL VILLI Blood vessel CENTRAL LACTEAL 32409 LAMINA PROPRIA CONNECTIVE TISSUE BETWEEN INTESTINAL GLANDS AND FORMS CORES OF INTESTINAL VILLI CENTRAL LACTEAL Blood vessel SMOOTH MUSCLE INNERVATED BY MEISSNER’S PLEXES in submucosa 32409 LAMINA PROPRIA CONNECTIVE TISSUE BETWEEN INTESTINAL GLANDS AND FORMS CORES OF INTESTINAL VILLI Blood vessel LAMINA PROPRIA CONNECTIVE TISSUE BETWEEN INTESTINAL GLANDS AND FORMS CORES OF INTESTINAL VILLI CENTRAL LACTEAL Blood vessel LAMINA PROPRIA CONNECTIVE TISSUE BETWEEN INTESTINAL GLANDS AND FORMS CORES OF INTESTINAL VILLI CENTRAL LACTEAL SMOOTH MUSCLE in lamina propria Blood vessel Slide 61: Terminal ileum Paneth cells Paneth cells Muscularis mucosa Ileum Paneth cells 148 CENTRAL LACTEAL Slide 62: Terminal ileum Mucosal epithelium Lamina propria Muscularis mucosa Submucosa Muscularis externa Serosa Slide 62 : Terminal ileum Submucosal plexus Peyer’s patches Myenteric plexus Slide 63: Appendix (cross section) Smooth luminal surface Lymph nodules Smooth luminal surface Lymph nodules THE APPENDIX Human appendix 204 Small int.. Large int.. Large intestine NERVOUS STIMULATION PARASYMPATHETIC - ACTIVATES AUERBACH'S PLEXUS SYMPATHETIC - INHIBITORY TO GI TRACT MOVEMENTS • EXCITES ILEOCECAL SPHINCTER • INTERNAL ANAL SPHINCTER MEISSNER'S PLEXUS submucosal nerve plexus AUERBACH'S PLEXUS myenteric plexus MEISSNER'S PLEXUS submucosal nerve plexus AUERBACH'S PLEXUS myenteric plexus The submucosal nerve plexus control the motility of the mucosa and the secretory activities of associated mucosal glands The myenteric plexus controls the motility of smooth muscles in the muscularis externa (peristalsis). Slide 65: Transverse colon (longitudinal section) Serosa Goblet cells Lamina propria Muscularis externa Submucosa Mucosal epithelium Muscularis mucosa Lymphoid nodule The large intestine functions to absorb water and electrolytes and form indigestible material into feces. Large intestine or Colon, monkey MUCOCUTANEOUS JUNCTIONS Slide 66: Recto-anal junction External anal sphincter Internal anal sphincter Anus Rectum Slide 66 : Recto-anal junction Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium Hair follicles Sebaceous glands Gland ducts Apocrine glands Anus Digestive tract distinguishing features summary Mucosa (epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa) Submucosa (with submucosal plexuses) Muscularis (Inner circular and outer longitudinal layers, with myenteric plexuses between them) Adventitia/ Serosa Esophagus (upper, middle, lower) Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium; cardiac glands at lower end Small esophageal glands (mainly mucous) Both layers striated muscle in upper region; both layers smooth muscle in lower region; smooth and striated muscle fascicles mingled in middle region Adventitia, except at lower end with serosa Stomach (cardia, fundus, body, pylorus) Surface mucous cells, and gastric pits leading to gastric glands with parietal and chief cells, (in the fundus and body) or to mucous cardiac glands and pyloric glands No distinguishing features Three indistinct layers of smooth muscle (inner oblique, middle circular, and outer longitudinal) Serosa Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) Plicae circulares; villi, with enterocytes and goblet cells, and crypts/glands with Paneth cells and stem cells; Peyer patches in ileum Duodenal (Brunner) glands (entirely mucous); possible extensions of Peyer patches in ileum No distinguishing features Mainly serosa Large intestine (cecum, colon, rectum) Intestinal glands with goblet cells and absorptive cells No distinguishing features Outer longitudinal layer separated into three bands, the teniae colo Mainly serosa, with adventitia at rectum Anal canal Stratified squamous epithelium; longitudinal anal columns Venous sinuses Inner circular layer thickened as internal sphincter Adventitia Clinical Correlation A 73 year old patient presents with a several week history of fatigue and mild weight loss. The patient is found to have gastric atrophy which has resulted in pernicious anemia. Why might a disease affecting the GI system result in anemia? Parietal cells Gastric atrophy > deterioration of gastric mucosa > decreased parietal cells > decreased intrinsic factor > decreased vitamin B12 absorption > decrease erythroblast proliferation > decreased red blood cells > pernicious anemia

Digestive System I Part 3 Small and Large Intestines

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