University:
Texas A&M University
Course:
BIOL 319 | Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology I
Academic year:

2020
Views:

470

Pages:

38
Author:

gaarmaakbn9h

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: Part 3 Cervix, mammary gland, and placenta Dr. Larry Johnson Texas A&M University Objectives: female reproductive system Part 1 Ovary and hormonal orchestration • Identify the tissues of the ovary, and distinguish between primordial, primary, secondary, tertiary, and atretic follicles. • Hormonal orchestration Part 2 Uterine tube and uterus • Describe the three layers of the uterine tube and compare the structure in the different regions along its length. • Describe the three layers of the uterus. Understand the morphological changes in the endometrium and myometrium during the normal menstrual cycle and during pregnancy. Part 3 Cervix, mammary gland, and placenta • Compare the structures and functions of the mammary glands at different stages. • Identify the three layers of the cervix and the vagina. • Identify the villi and intervillous space in the placenta. Relate these structures with placental function. Slide 184, cervix 1. Lumen 2. Cervical glands 3. Lamina propria 4. Smooth muscle Cervix Cervix Cervix Cervix Cervix, 1. junction of endocervix and ectocervix 2. Vagina cervix ENDOCERVIX ends in the Vagina which has no MUCUS glands Vagina Vagina epithelium 1. Stem cells 2. Prickle cell layer 3. Nonkeratinized squamous epithial cells The wall of the vagina lacks glands. Any mucus in the vagina is produced by cervical glands and other liberation comes from blood plasma. Vagina Slide 85: Cervix / vagina Mucous glands Endocervix Simple columnar epithelium Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium lining the portio vaginalis Slide 86: Vagina 2 1 Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium 1. Lamina propria 2. Muscularis externa Slide 89: Mammary gland (inactive) Interlobular CT Adipocytes Lobule Alveolar duct Intralobular CT NOURISHMENT AND PROTECTION OF OFFSPRING NOURISHMENT and PROTECTION of OFFSPRING NOURISHMENT AND PROTECTION OF OFFSPRING OTHER GLANDS OF EPIDERMAL ORIGIN – mammary gland Gland for which our class,, Mammalia, was named. Mammals are characterized by hair on skin, special ear bones, and in females, milk-producing mammary glands for nourishment of young. Nipple Breast inactive 482 Breast, pregnancy 482 Breast, early pregnancy 182 Breast during late pregnancy Slide 90: Mammary gland (early proliferative) Intralobular CT Lobule Interlobular CT Alveolar duct Adipocytes Slide 91: Mammary gland (active) Lobule Large duct with colostrum Interlobular CT Alveoli with colostrum Intralobular CT Myoepithelial cell In summary Mammary gland Late pregnancy Histo 091 IMPLANTATION AND FETAL-PLACENTAL GROWTH Slide 272 IMPLANTATION AND FETAL-PLACENTAL GROWTH Slide 87: Umbilical cord http://homepages.cae.wisc.edu/~bme300/umbilical_f07/ Wharton’s jelly Umbilical vein Umbilical arteries The umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood to the fetus. Placenta Blood flow from the mother to the fetus. Maternal artery > placenta > umbilical vein > liver OR ductus venosus (bypasses liver) > R atrium of heart > foramen ovale OR R ventricle Foramen ovale (bypass lungs) > L atrium > L ventricle > aorta > brain and body R ventricle > pulmonary artery > ductus arteriosis (bypass lungs) > aorta > body Body > 2 umbilical arteries > placenta > maternal vein Slide 88: Placenta Chorionic villi Intervillous space Placenta Cytotrophoblast cell Fetal capillaries Mesenchyme Synctiotrophoblast cells Decidua basalis Decidual cells EM 26; trophoblast, 20,000x 1. Nucleus 2. Microvilli 3. Tubular cristae hemochorial placenta = human placenta 273 A hemochorial placenta type has the maternal blood in direct contact with the chorionic trophoblast. However, there are three layers of cells 273 Mesenchyme Cytotrophoblast cell Synctiotrophoblast cells Fetal capillaries 129 CONNECTIVE TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Clinical Correlation Stimulation of receptors in the nipple during breast-feeding results in release of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary. Where are the cell bodies of the cells that release oxytocin located? • The cell bodies of the cells that release oxytocin are located in the hypothalamus. Oxytocin is responsible for the milk-ejection reflex. Which cells in the breast are stimulated oxytocin? • Oxytocin stimulates contraction of the myoepithelial cells around the alveoli, thereby ejecting milk. Clinical Correlation The structure of the endometrium changes dramatically during the menstrual cycle. Menstrual phase Proliferative phase Secretory phase All images Copyright McGraw-Hill Companies