Biology 1 Final Exam Review Guide

Biology 1 Name:______________________ Final Exam Review Guide These questions are designed to help you review material for the final exam. You should write out and draw your answers on a separate sheet of paper. Ecology 1. What is ecology? 2. Identify and describe the levels of organization from organism to biosphere. 3. What is the difference between a food web and a food chain? Which one shows a linear flow of energy and which one shows the complex interactions of organisms? 4. Write down an example of a food chain and label one decomposer, one autotroph, one heterotroph, one consumer, one producer, one carnivore, one herbivore, and one omnivore. 5. What is biomass? What part of a food pyramid contains the most biomass? The least? 6. In the food chain you drew above, which trophic level contains the most available energy? Which trophic level contains the least? 7. How much energy is passed from one trophic level to the next? What happens to the rest of the energy, what does it mainly get released as? 8. What are some biotic and abiotic factors that are found in an ecosystem? 9. Define predation. 10. What is the difference between a habitat and a niche? 11. What is symbiosis? What are three different types of symbiosis? Give an example of each. 12. What is the difference between emigration and immigration? 13. What is the difference between logistic growth and exponential growth? What causes each type of growth to occur? 14.What is carrying capacity? How does a limiting factor contribute to the carrying capacity? 15. What are invasive species? In general, why are invasive species a problem? 16. Define and identify biological magnification- which level of consumption does it affect the most? 17. Describe an endangered species and how it can lead to extinction of a population. 18. What is biodiversity? Why is biodiversity important? Scientific Principles and Characteristics of Life: 1. Identify the eight characteristics of life. 2. What is homeostasis? What are some ways organisms maintain homeostasis? 3. How can you tell the independent variable apart from the dependent variable? 4. Provide an example of positive and negative feedback. Macromolecules and Enzymes: 1. What are the four macromolecules? 2. What is the monomer of proteins? 3. What is the main function of each of the four macromolecules? 4. Why are enzymes important? Why does enzyme shape matter? 5. Describe the lock and key model. Label the active site, substrate, reactants, and products. 6. What does denature mean? 7. What can denature the enzyme? What can affect the enzyme's function? Cells: 1. What’s the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote? 2. Describe the job and how to remember each of the following organelle: Ribosome, Nucleus, Cell Membrane, Mitochondria, Cell Wall, Chloroplast 3. What is the difference between active and passive transport? 4. Identify and describe the different types of active and passive transport. 5. Definite osmosis and draw a cell in hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic solutions. 6. What is the difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion? 7. What is the difference between solvent and solution? Which one is water? 8. What’s the difference between plant cells and animal cells? 9. What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? 10. Describe and draw the different components of the cell membrane. Photosynthesis: 1. What are the overall reactants and products of photosynthesis? 2. What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis? 3. Describe the chloroplast and what is inside of it. 4. What colors of light does chlorophyll absorb? What colors of light does chlorophyll reflect? 5. What are the products of the light dependent and the light independent reaction? 6. Where does the light dependent reaction occur specifically? Where does the light independent reaction occur? Cellular Respiration: 1. What is the equation for cellular (aerobic) respiration? 2. What is fermentation? What kind of fermentation do animals do? What kind of fermentation does yeast do? 3. What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Which one makes more ATP? 4. What is the relationship between cell respiration and photosynthesis? 5. How is energy stored in a molecule of ATP? How is it released?