TRIAL NUMBER: 01 MACERATION I. Goals :Students are able to carry out the extraction process using the method maceration II. Basic theory A. Definition The original term for maceration is macerare (Latin, meaning to soak). This method is one method of extraction, where a liquid preparation made by extracting vegetable matter is soaked using a nonwater solvent (non-polar solvent) or half water, for example dilute ethanol, for a certain period of time in accordance with the rules in the official pharmaceutical book (Anonymous, 2014). Maceration is a type of extraction method with a system without heating or known as cold extraction, so in this method the solvent and sample do not experience heating at all. So maceration is an extraction technique that can be used for compounds that are not heat resistant or heat resistant. B. Principle of Maceration Principle of macerationis the binding/dissolution of active substances based on their solubility in a solvent (like dissolved like),The extraction of active substances is carried out by soaking simplicia powder in a suitable filter fluid for three days at room temperature, protected from light, the filter fluid will enter the cells through the cell walls. The contents of the cell will dissolve because of the difference in concentration between the solution inside the cell and outside the cell. The solution with a high concentration will be pushed out and replaced by a filter fluid with a low concentration (diffusion process). C. Advantages and Disadvantages of the Maceration Method The advantages of extraction using the maceration method are: 1. The equipment used is simple, only a soaking vessel is needed 2. Operational costs are relatively low 3. The process is relatively economical and requires no heating. The disadvantages of extraction using the maceration method are: 1. The extraction process is not perfect, because the active substance can only be extracted by 50%. II. Tools and materials - Macerator tool - Stirring Rod - 70% alcohol, ethyl acetate, n-hexane - Simplicity IV. Experimental Stages 1. Carefully weigh the simplicia that will be macerated. 2. Wet it with solvent, stir gently until everything is moistened and then put it in the macerator. 3. Put the remaining solvent into the macerator (solvent used 1:10), or balance with simplicia. 4. Leave for 3-5 days, stirring every 6 hours. 5. Separate the filtering results using flannel cloth/filter paper.