Prevention and Control of Disease Health promotion ● Targeted to the entire population ● Will prevent risk factors, lower average population risk ● Ask for changes in lifestyle of individuals ● General well-being ○ ex) ■ Active senior program ■ Public campaigns ■ Balanced diet Primary Prevention ● Prevent onset of specific disease before it occurs ● One or more risk factors ● Prevent development of disease ● Focuses people at risk on developing disease ○ ex) ■ Vaccination program ■ Smoking prevention campaigns ■ Fluoridation of water After vaccination program, malaria cases has been significantly reduced. Secondary Prevention ● Limited to by disease ● Prevent disease progression or recurrences ● Detect disease early on ○ To prevent complications ● Find people with high risk (early screening) ○ Later focus on these people for treatment ○ Find it earlier, the better survival rate ● If have early signs, they are in high risk ○ ex) ■ Cancer screening ■ Blood pressure monitoring ■ Blood sugar testing Tertiary prevention ● Already have disease at this point ○ Symptomatic or advanced disease. ● Try to reduce complication and disability ● Manage and reduce impact of existing diseases ○ Prevent further deterioration ● Targets on people with disease, or long-term conditions ○ ex) ■ Cardiac rehabilitation upon heart attack ■ Insulin therapy ■ Physical therapy after stroke Goals on Prevention and control ● Reduce the incidence of the disease ● Delay onset of disease and disability ● Alleviate the severity of disease ● Improve the health related quality and duration of life Model of disease Burden Earlier you detect, the higher chance of survival. This could be the differentiating factor on “Cause of death” between U.S, and Canada.