Structure and Functions of Eco systems Introduction to Eco system • An ecosystem is a dynamic and interconnected system comprising biotic (living organisms) and abiotic (non-living factors) that interact with each other within a specific environment. • These interactions involve • energy flow, • nutrient cycling, • and ecological processes that sustain life. Key Features of an Ecosystem • Biotic Components • Abiotic Components • Energy Flow • Nutrient Cycling • Interdependence – Species depend on each other for survival, forming food chains and food webs. • Self-Sustainability – Ecosystems maintain a balance through natural processes like succession, adaptation, and feedback mechanisms. Examples of Ecosystems: Terrestrial Ecosystems – Forests, grasslands, deserts, tundra. Aquatic Ecosystems – Freshwater (lakes, rivers), marine (oceans, coral reefs). Artificial Ecosystems – Agricultural fields, urban parks, aquaponics systems.