University:
University of Cincinnati
Course:
BIOL 1081 | Biology I
Academic year:

2023
Views:

187

Pages:

4
Author:

Liliana Black

The Six Kingdoms of Life A quick overview Kingdoms and Domains Introduction to Phylogenetic Kingdoms • • • • • Monera (Eubacteria and Archaebacteria) – Prokaryotes, with or without peptidoglycan in cell walls Protistia – Eukaryotes, diverse, not fungi, plants, or animals Fungi – Eukaryotes, multicellular (except yeasts), heterotrophic, chitin in cell walls Plantae – Eukaryotes, multicellular, non-motile, autotrophic, cell wall containing cellulose Animalia – Eukaryotes, multicellular, motile, heterotrophic, no cell wall The Kingdom Monera - Eubacteria • • • • • • • Common name: Bacteria Unicellular prokaryotes No introns in genome Peptidoglycan in cell wall Basic shapes are cocci, bacilli, spirilla Diverse nutrition and respiration Reproduce by binary fission, conjugation, transformation, and transduction The Kingdom Monera – Archaebacteria • • • • Cell wall does not contain peptidoglycan Cell membrane contains unusual lipids not found in other organisms Genes are interrupted by introns Classified into three groups: o Methanogens—poisoned by O2 o Thermophiles—live in extreme temps. o Halophiles—live in high saline The Kingdom Protista or Protoctista • • • • • • A classification problem Unicellular, colonial, and multicellular forms Autotrophic and heterotrophic Some move with flagella, pseudopods or cilia Animal-like, plant-like and fungus-like groups Reproduce by mitosis and meiosis The Kingdom Fungi • • • • • • Eukaryotic Cell walls contain chitin Multicellular, except for yeasts Heterotrophic Main body multicellular fungi composed of hyphae Sexual and asexual reproduction The Kingdom Plantae • • • Multicellular, non-motile, cell wall with cellulose, mostly autotrophic Plant life cycles Plant Structures relate to plant needs o Sunlight, water and minerals, gas exchange, o Reproduce without water to transmit male gamete (in Angiosperms) o Vascular tissue, roots, stems, leaves, seeds, flowers Major Groups of Plants • Three traditional groupings: o Bryophytes—nonvascular plants o Pteridophytes — vascular, seedless plants o Seed plants ▪ Gymnosperms ▪ Angiosperms The Kingdom Animalia • • • • • • • No cell wall Heterotrophic Motile Sexual reproduction Three distinct layers of tissues (except sponges) Multi-celled/specialized tissues and functions Distinct body plan Invertebrates and Vertebrates • Invertebrates o 99% of the Animal Kingdom o Absence of backbone o Includes sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, worms, arthropods, and echinoderms • Vertebrates o Internal skeleton (bone or cartilage) o Includes fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals