Genetics and Evolution Multiple Choice Questions

ation or species а 1. Which of the following best describes the changes of heritable traits in popul over time? А. Genetic drift В. Evolution С. Homology D. Creationism under 2. Which of the following is not а condition that must Ье met for а popu\ation to remain Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? А. no mutation В. no selection С. no random mating D. no genetic drift З. Phenotypic variance of а quantitative trait is measured Ьу the sum of _______ А. genetic variance and environmental variance В. phenotypic variance and genetic variance С. phenotypic variance and environmental variance D. mutational variabilities 4. Allele В is dominant; allele Ь is recessive. Frequency of ВЬ can Ье described as _____ (Select the best answer) І. Allele frequency. П. Genotype frequency. ІІІ. Frequency of heterozygotes А. ІІІ В. І and П С. П and ІІІ D. І, 11, and ІІІ are all appropriate 1 /. BioS 230 Spring 2024 Exam І Set В quencies enotype fre g n d a allele its e ,vhen rg einb ium s. л population is under_Hardy-W e quilibr ovcr gcnerat1ons. А. increase В. decrease Q remain constant D. random\y change ---- 6. Many studics have sho,vn that social iso\ation and distancing are effective at prevcnting the spread of Covid-19. From an evolutionary perspective, ,vearing masks and maintainin g а safe distancc is а mcchanism to limit thc _____ ofSAR-CoV-2 coronavirus. А. natural sc/cction В. random maІing Q migrarion D. gcnetic drift 7. Florida panthcrs and ,vhooping cranc s wcrc huntcd ncarly to cxtinction. Thc sharp dcclinc in thcir population sizc causcd а dramatic changc in thc аІІсІе frequenc y. This proccss is known as А. В. С. D. natural selection inbreeding depression bottleneck founder effect 8. 1n а HWE popu\ation, assuming the number of breeding males (Nm ) = 5, the number of breeding females (Nr) = 5. The effective population size (Nc ) for this population is: А. 5 @ с. 10 20 D. 100 9. \Vhich of the follo,ving is not one of the forces of evolution? А. Nonrandom mating В. Genetic drift С. Gene flow D. Natural selection !О. Danvinian evolution proposed that living organisms evolve from а simple foпn to а complex 1ОП11. А. True В. Fa\se 11. Let s = selection coefficient. If for АА, s == О; for Аа, s =О.І; and for аа, s = О.2, which of thе genotype has the lowest fitness? А. АА В. Аа С. аа D. Cannot Ье deteпnined І l. W/1icl1 of tl1c follo,vi11g wщ1\(\ not cnusc gc11c ог gcrium c dщ1\icL1tion'/ Л. uncqun\ crossi11g ovcr d\lri11g mciosis В. polyploi1..liz11tio11 С. rctrotronsposition D. cl1ro111oso1nc i11vcrsio11 13. АІІ the fol/owi11g urc /10n10logous truits, cxccpt ______ , Л. Elcphant tusks and beavcr tcct/1 В. ТІ1е huшап ап11 and tl1c wing of n bat С. The dorsa\ fin of а s11ark and а whnle D. The \actase gcne in diffcrcnt human populations l 4. Л catt\e population has 20 individuals RR, 15 individuals R W, (frequency of R)? 0.63 В. О.З l 5 individuals WW. What is р л. с. 0.69 D. 0.56 15. Which ofthe following is not а postulatc ofDarwin's thcory ofcvolution? А. Individuals are difТerent В. Traits arc passed down from parcnt to offspring С. Environmcnts сап support unlimited populations. D. Jndividuals with ccrtain hcritable traits may havc advantagcs in rcproduction and survival 16. Іл а HWE populatioл, 15% ofthe iлdividua\s show domiлaлt trait. The rest of the individua\s are homozygous rcccssive. What is tl1c frcqueлcy of thc dominant а1\с1с in this popu1ation? А. 0.92 в. 0.61 с. 0.08 D. 0.85 17. ШС is conducting сІіпісаІ tria\s to develop treatment for sickle се/І disease using CRISPR technology. From the \ecture, you've leamed that sickle cell trait is evolvcd undcr which modcl of nat'ural se\ection? А. Heterozygotc has intermcdiate fitness В. Heterozygote advantage С. Selection against recessive аІІеІе D. Se\ection against dominant аІІеІе 18. Gene flow between two genetically different groups of individ ua\s may introduce non­ adaptivc allclcs into а population and lowcr fitness. This phenomenon kn is own as ----А. founder effect В. genetic drift С. inbreeding depression D. outbrccding depression BioS 230 Sp ring 2024 Exnm l_Set ------ в 19. lnbreeding is а type of А. positive assortative mating В. negative assortative mating С. randorn mating D. genetic drift 20. Let w = relative fitness. Iffor АА w = О 8· for Аа 1 w' • ' of selection is called __ _ _ _ А. heterozygote has inteпnediate fitness В. heterozygo te advantagc С. selection against reccssive alle\e D. selection against dominant allele о 8· and raor аа, w == 1 •0 , this m • 1 o dcl 21. Genetic drift has а smaller impact on sma\1 populati o ns. А. True В. False 22. All the living organisms (with а few exceptions) use the same genetic code. The universal genetic code is evidence of ___, which suggests that all life foпns shared co mmon ancestry. А. developmental homology В. structural homology С. molecular homology D. convergent evolution 23. Which of the following can create new alleles in а population? А. Natural selection В. Mutation С. Genetic drift D. Random mating 24. When individuals have а higher fitness because their phenotype is more abundant in а population, this type of selection is known � _____ А. negative frequency dependent selectюn В. positive frequency dependent selection С. directional selection О. disruptive selection 1 fr m а mainlan� population 10 _an i���d�t;:� �; 25. When а subset of individuals migrates o m the maшland p opu1 att on. ,s frequency of the island population is different fro allele frequency is due to ______ А. mutation В. random mating С. bottleneck О. founder effect BioS 230 Spring 2024 Exnm 1_Sct В 26- Quantitativ e trait А. are controlle s d Ьу . g І с gcnc В • arc not а rr,cctcd а sщ Ьу С. havc continuous vacnvironmcnt na1 • t· on . D. havc d1scrctc variation 27. Stronger, faster, and larger individuals will always havc thc highcst fitness in а popu\ation А. True В. False 28. ln а HWE population, the frequency of а dominant аІІеІе located on Х chromosome, р = 0.6, recessive allele frequency q = 0.4. What percentage of males in the population would have the recessive sex-linked trait? А. 0.6 в. 0.36 С. 0.16 D. 0.4 29. Which of the following concepts was proposed Ьу Lamarck as an attempt to explain the changes in organisms through time? А. Theory of evolution Ьу natura\ se\ection The inheritance of acquired characteristics С. Epigenetics D. Malthusian Dilemma @ 30. When а point mutation changes а DNA nucleotide but doesn't change the amino acid sequence, this is а ___ А. synonymous mutation