Cell Biology Essentials Test Corrections

Q A Where? 2. Which four parts do nucleic acids (most often DNA), ribosomes, cell membrane, ALL cells have? cytoplasm 3. A student draws a diagram of an E. coli cell, which is a type of prokaryotic bacteria. He draws and labels the Bacterial cells do not have mitochondria cytoplasm, the cell membrane, DNA, and mitochondria. What is one problem with the diagram? provides structural support for the shape of the cell, it has 7.Choose the statements proteins embedded within it that allow for identification of the below that indicate the cell or transport of materials across the cell membrane, it is a barrier that defines what is inside of the cell and outside of the function of a cell cell membrane. 9.How does exposure to water affect the arrangement of the phospholipids? It causes a bilayer to form with the hydrophobic tails staying together and the hydrophilic heads being attracted to the water both in the cytoplasm and the fluid outside of the cell. 12.Which of the following is an example plant's roots use osmosis to absorb water from the soil of osmosis? 13.All of the following describe the role of active transport across It helps to move water across the membrane by diffusion. cell membranes EXCEPT for which of the following? 16.Diffusion is the net movement of molecules from an area of ___ Diffusion is the net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an concentration to an area of low concentration. The molecules area of ____ will continue to move along this concentration gradient until they concentration. The reach equilibrium. molecules will continue to move along this ___ until they reach ___. Cell types google docs 2 Cell types google docs digram Cell structures google docs #3 Cellular Homeostasis basically all of it Cells to Organisms Cellular Homeostasis Cells to Organisms Cellular Homeostasis Cells to Organisms Cellular Homeostasis model 3 17. Using the images below, correctly categorize the types of movement across the cell membrane and the basic facts of those movements. You will use ALL the answers. 21.You will place the steps of protein synthesis into the correct order. 1.molecules pass between the phospholipids, uses a selectively permeable membrane 2.molecules move from low to high concentration, active Cells to Organisms transport, utilizes ATP to move molecules against their Cellular concentration gradient, molecules are transported using Homeostasis model 3 membrane spanning proteins using energy 3.molecules are transported using membrane spanning proteins using energy, olecules move from a high to low concentration The cell receives a signal that a particular protein is needed. -> The cell receives a signal that a particular protein is needed. -> The RNA leaves the nucleus and goes into the cytoplasm in order to to begin translation. -> The RNA is picked up by a ribosome because it has the start codon, AUG, and translation begins. >During translation within the ribosome, the sequence of codons within the RNA are translated into a particular sequence of amino acids which are then linked together to form a protein. -> 3/19 Protein If the protein is to be more complex than a simple chain, such as Synthesis Steps needing more intricate folding to achieve create the proper structure for its complex function, then the protein will be Table 1 transported into the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) for that folding. -> If the protein is to be more complex with other molecules (such as carbohydrates or lipids) being attached, then the protein will be transported into the Golgi apparatus for further modification. ->Next the proteins will be packaged into vesicles for storage within the cell or transport outside of the cell to perform their intended function. 22. What evidence suggests that all living They all have the same basic genetic code, including the same set things are related to of 20 amino acids to build proteins. each other? 24.What could be a benefit to having more If errors in DNA replication or transcription occur (such as in than one codon code for that 3rd nucleotide position), then the same amino acid an amino acid, such as (threonine) will be translated and the protein will still be threonine, in the completely functional. This is an example of a silent mutation. question above? 25. The mRNA vaccine for Covid-19 uses the nucleotide sequences from a human gene in order to initiate protein false synthesis of a human protein that is intended to create an anti-body to protect us from Covid-19. 4/15 Eukaryotic Cell Division 24 Protein Synthesis Steps 24 Protein Synthesis Steps