Skeletal System Course Study Guide | University of South Alabama

University:
University of South Alabama
Course:
BMD 114 | Anatomy and Physiology I
Academic year:

2021
Views:

119

Pages:

5
Author:

Heidy Larsen

Skeletal system ● Functions ○ Supports body structure and provides shape ○ Protects the soft and delicate organs ○ Allows movement and anchorage of muscles ○ Provides mineral storage ○ The site for homeostasis Skeletal system (continued) ***Note: Break and fracture mean the same thing. ● Types of fractures ○ Closed/Simple ■ The bone is broken, but the broken ends do not pierce through the skin to form an external wound. ○ Open/Compound ■ The most serious type of fracture ■ The broken bone ends pierce through the skin. ■ Site for infection of the bone and neighboring tissues. ○ Comminuted ■ When the bone is splintered or broken in many pieces that become embedded in the surrounding tissue ○ Stress or hairline fracture ■ A tiny crack in the bone that typically occurs from overuse ■ Can be quite painful but normally heals itself ● Process of restoring bone occurs through three main methods: ○ Closed reduction ■ The fragments are brought together into alignment by manipulation, and a cast/splint is applied to the area. ○ Open reduction ■ Devices such as wires, metal plates, or screws are used to hold the bones in alignment. (through surgical intervention) ■ Splint or cast can be applied ○ Traction ■ Pulling force that is used to hold the bones in place ■ Used for the fractures of the long bone ● Diseases of the bones ○ Arthritis ■ One of the most common health problems in the world ■ An inflammation of one or more joints, accompanied by pain, stiffness, swelling, and many other problems that affect the way that we complete everyday tasks. ○ Rheumatoid Arthritis ■ A chronic, autoimmune disease that affects the connective tissue and joints. ■ Thickening of the synovial membrane, joints are badly swollen. ○ Osteoarthritis ■ Degenerative joint disease ■ Occurs with aging ■ Articular cartilage degenerates and a bony spur formation occurs at the joint. ■ Joints may enlarge and there is pain and swelling ○ Gout ■ Characterized by an acute inflammation. ■ Pain and swelling is the body’s response to the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the affected joint ○ Kyphosis ■ A humped curvature in the thoracic area of the spine ○ Lordosis ■ Exaggerated inward curvature in the lumbar region of the spine ○ Scoliosis ■ A side-to-side or lateral curvature of the spine ○ Osteoporosis ■ Characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of the bone tissue ○ Osteomyelitis ■ Infection that may involve all parts of the bone ■ Result from injury or systemic infection ■ Common in children between ages of 5-14 ○ Osteosarcoma ■ Bone cancer ■ Affects the long bone of a limb ○ Rickets ■ Caused by the lack of vitamin d ■ Normally found in children