Muscular System Course Study Guide | University of South Alabama

University:
University of South Alabama
Course:
BMD 114 | Anatomy and Physiology I
Academic year:

2021
Views:

89

Pages:

3
Author:

Genevieve Wright

Muscular system ● Functions ○ Body movement ○ Body form and shape, to maintain ○ Body heat, to maintain body temperature ● Types of muscles ○ Skeletal muscles ■ Attached to the bones of the skeleton ■ Called striped or striated ● Under a microscope they show crossbandings of altering light and dark bands running perpendicular to the length of the muscle. ■ Voluntary ○ Smooth muscle ■ Visceral muscle ■ Cells are small and spindle shaped ■ One nucleus, located in center of the cell ■ Unmarked ■ Unattached to bones ■ involuntary ○ Cardiac muscle ■ Only found in the heart ■ Striated and branched ■ Involuntary ○ Sphincter muscles ■ Special circular muscles in the openings between the esophagus and stomach, small intestine, anus, urethra, and the mouth. ● Musculoskeletal disorders ○ Strain ■ Overstretching or tearing of a muscle ■ From lifting too much weight, lifting improperly, or using their muscles excessively. ○ Spasm ■ Cramp or contractions of the muscle ○ Myalgia ■ Muscle pain ○ Dystonia ■ Condition characterized by involuntary muscle contractions that cause repetitive movements. ○ Hernia ■ Organs protrude through a weak muscle ○ Tetanus ■ Infectious disease characterized by continuous spasms of the voluntary muscle