Heart Course Study Guide

University:
University of South Alabama
Course:
BMD 114 | Anatomy and Physiology I
Academic year:

2021
Views:

487

Pages:

4
Author:

Oscar Bishop

Heart ● Functions ○ Pumps the blood to all parts of the body ○ Arteries, veins, and capillaries are the structures that take blood from the heart to the cells and return blood from the cells back to the heart ○ Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells and carries the waste products away ○ The lymph system returns excess fluid from the tissues to the general circulation and is part of the cardiovascular system ● Organs of the circulatory system ○ Heart ○ Arteries ○ Veins ○ Capillaries ○ Blood Heart continued… ● Diseases of the heart ○ Arrhythmia ■ Change or deviation from the normal rate or rhythm of the heart ○ Bradycardia ■ Slow heart rate ● Less than 60 beats per minute ○ Tachycardia ■ Rapid heart rate ● More than 100 beats per minute ○ Murmurs ■ When valves fail to close, a gurgling sound will occur ■ If it occurs while the heart is contracting its called systolic ■ If it occurs while the heart is resting its called diastolic ○ Mitral valve prolapse ■ Condition in which the valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle closes imperfectly ○ CAD (Coronary Artery Disease) ■ Narrowing of the coronary arteries that supply oxygen and nutrient-filled blood to the heart muscle ○ Angina pectoris ■ The severe chest pain that arises when the heart does not receive enough oxygen ■ Symptom of underlying problem with coronary circulation ○ Myocardial Infarction ■ “Heart attack” ■ Caused by a lack of blood supply to the myocardium ○ Pericarditis ■ Inflammation of the outer membrane covering the heart ○ Myocarditis ■ Inflammation of the heart muscle ○ Endocarditis ■ Inflammation of the membrane that lines the heart and covers the valves ○ Heart failure ■ When the ventricles of the heart are unable to contract effectively and blood pools in the heart ○ Congestive heart failure ■ In left sided failure, fluid accumulates in the lungs, backing blood up into the lung vessels ■ In right sided failure, fluid builds up throughout the body ● Types of heart surgery ○ Angioplasty ■ Balloon surgery ■ A small deflated balloon is threaded into the coronary artery ■ When it reaches the blocked area, the balloon is then opened and closed a few times, until the blockage is pushed against the arterial wall until the area is unblocked ■ The balloon is then deflated and removed ○ Cardiac stents ■ Stainless steel devices that hold arteries open after an angioplasty ○ Coronary bypass ■ Surgically providing a detour to allow the blood supply to go around the blocked area of a coronary artery ○ TMR (transmyocardial laser revascularization) ■ The use of lasers to puncture holes in the heart muscle to improve blood flow