Tissues and Membranes Course Study Guide

University:
University of South Alabama
Course:
BMD 114 | Anatomy and Physiology I
Academic year:

2021
Views:

63

Pages:

4
Author:

tristepeon32s

Tissues and Membranes Tissues ● Tissues ○ Epithelial Tissue ■ Cells form a continuous layer covering internal and external body surfaces, provide protection, and produce secretions. ■ Squamous Epithelial ○ Flat, irregular shaped cells. They line the heart, blood, and lymphatic vessels. ■ Cuboidal Epithelial ● Cube-shaped cells, they line the kidney tubules and cover the ovaries. ■ Columnar Epithelial ● They are elongated, with the nucleus generally near the bottom and often ciliated on the outer surface. They line the ducts, digestive tract, parts of the respiratory tract, and glands ○ Connective Tissue ■ Adipose ● Stores fat, acts as filler tissue, cushions and supports the body. It is a type of loose connective tissue composed of saclike adipose cells. ■ Areolar tissue ● Supports both nerve and blood vessels that transport nutrient materials and waste. ■ Dense fibrous tissue ● Made from closely packed white collagen fibers. It is flexible but not elastic. Has poor blood supply and heals extremely slow. Tissue Repair ● Primary repair of a clean wound ○ A clean wound is a cut on the skin where infection is not present ○ The deep layer of stratified squamous divides. ○ New stratified squamous epithelial cells push themselves upward to the surface of the skin. ● Primary repair over a large skin area ○ Fluid will escape from the broken capillaries ○ The fluid dries and seals the wound, scab forms ○ The scab prevents pathogens from entering the site ○ Epithelial cells form at the edges of the scab and continue to grow over the damaged area until it gets fully covered ● Primary repair of deep tissue ○ The edges of the wound must be sewn together with a suture ○ A tremendous amount of of fluid will leak onto the wound ○ Helps form a coagulation that seals the wound ○ In 24-36 hrs the epithelial cells lining the capillaries and fibroblasts of connective tissue degenerate rapidly ○ The newly formed cells remain along the edges of the wound. ○ On the 4th-5th day fibroblast cells become very active in making new collagen fibers. ○ Once the tissues come together scar tissue is visible. ● Secondary repair ○ A process known as granulation occurs in a large open wound with small or large tissue loss ○ The process will form new vertically upstanding blood vessels ○ These new blood vessels are surrounded by young connective tissue and wandering cells of many types ○ Fibroblast will be quite active in the production of new collagen ○ The large wound eventually heals but it takes a lot of time