Life Cycle Nutrition - Childhood Obesity Answer Key 2

25. Which of the following is true regarding children’s energy intake and activity levels? a. Children tend to eat the same amount of food at each meal. b. Overweight children have appetites similar to normal-weight children. c. Energy needs per kg of body weight continually increase from 1 to 5 years of age. d. Children following a vegan diet may have difficulty meeting their energy needs. e. An active 10-year-old child requires about 3200 kcal/day. ANSWER d 26. An active 6-year-old child need about _________ kcalories per day to meet energy needs. a. 400 b. 800 c. 1600 d. 2400 e. 3200 ANSWER c 27. Which of the following is the most prevalent nutrient deficiency among U.S. toddlers 1 to 3 years of age? a. Iron b. Protein c. Calcium d. Vitamin C e. Fiber ANSWER a 28. Which of the following accurately describes the need for supplements in childhood? a. Very few children take nutrient supplements of any kind. b. A child’s diet typically is rich in iron-fortified foods, so supplementation is not recommended. c. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a daily multivitamin for all children under the age of 12. d. Children who fail to consume vitamin D-fortified foods should receive a daily supplement of 15 micrograms. e. The FDA is responsible for testing all dietary supplements for their safe use in children. ANSWER d 29. Which of the following statements about the diets of today’s children is FALSE? a. Few children eat the USDA recommended daily amounts from each food group. b. Children 2 to 6 years of age eat more solid fat, added sugar, and sodium. c. Preschool children eat more pizza and candy than those in previous decades. d. Children consume adequate amounts of vitamin E, potassium, and fiber. e. Children consume more fruit than they did in previous years. ANSWER d 30. Approximately how many children live in U.S. households without enough available food? a. 1 million b. 6 million c. 10 million d. 16 million e. 60 million ANSWER d 31. Which of the following accurately describes how hunger affects behavior in children? a. Children who fail to eat breakfast typically become hyperactive after eating lunch. b. Children who skip breakfast typically make up the nutrient deficits at later meals. c. Midmorning snacks improve classroom performance all the way to lunchtime. d. Although breakfast-skippers show reduced attention spans, they tend to perform well on tasks requiring concentration. e. Hunger’s short-term effects on behavior are well researched, but there is little evidence regarding its long-term effects. ANSWER c 32. Which of the following describes how iron deficiency affects children’s behavior? a. It affects brain function long before blood effects appear. b. Testing is a tedious, cost-prohibitive process for many families. c. It is the primary factor in tension-fatigue syndrome. d. Mild deficiency enhances mental performance by lowering physical activity level, thereby leading to increased attention span. e. Children who had iron deficiency as infants recover completely when iron levels are normalized. ANSWER a 33. Which of the following accurately describes the link between lead exposure and nutrition? a. Absorption of lead is higher on an empty stomach. b. Lead toxicity is most prevalent in children around the time of puberty. c. Federal regulations have successfully prevented widespread lead toxicity. d. The symptoms of lead toxicity can be reversed by adding iron to the diet. e. Lead exposure is extremely rare in the United States. ANSWER a 34. Pica, a craving for nonfood items like dirt and old paint, can lead to ________ in children. a. lead poisoning b. hyperactivity c. food allergies d. obesity e. type 2 diabetes ANSWER a 35. What percentage of young school aged children exhibit hyperactivity? a. 7% b. 11% c. 15% d. 17% e. 23% ANSWER b 36. What percentage of children younger than 4 years are diagnosed with food allergies? a. 1 to 3% b. 4 to 8% c. 10 to 12% d. 15 to 18% e. 22 to 25% ANSWER b 37. What is thought to account, in part, for the rise in the prevalence of peanut allergy? a. Excess sodium consumed as part of the peanuts b. Exposure to medicinal skin creams containing peanut oil c. Impaired digestion/absorption resulting from elevated leptin and adiponectin levels d. Increased inflammation of the immune system due to altered ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids e. Hyperstimulation of the immune system by multiple vaccines ANSWER b 38. A child who develops antibodies to a certain food is said to have a ________. a. food allergy b. food intolerance c. food-hyposensitivity reaction d. transient immune suppression e. food tolerance ANSWER a 39. Which foods most often cause anaphylactic shock in children with food allergies? a. Eggs, peanuts, and milk b. Bananas, shellfish, and cola c. Apples, noodles, and tree nuts d. Wheat, hops, and chocolate e. Barley, corn, and quinoa ANSWER a 40. Brady is allergic to peanuts. In the school cafeteria, he begins to have difficulty breathing, his tongue and face swell, and he begins vomiting. Brady most likely is in immediate need of a life-saving injection of ________. a. cortisone b. serotonin c. epinephrine d. acetylcholine e. histamine ANSWER c 41. Approximately what percentage of U.S. children between 2 and 19 years of age are either overweight or obese? a. 8 b. 16 c. 32 d. 48 e. 56 ANSWER c 42. Which of the following statements accurately describes the genetic and environmental factors that affect childhood obesity? a. The typical obese child learns food behaviors from friends, not family. b. A nonobese child of nonobese parents has a less than 10% chance of becoming obese in adulthood. c. The chances of an obese child becoming an obese adult decline as the child grows older. d. As a society, our eating and activity patters are roughly the same as they were 40 years ago. e. In children 2 to 18 years old, one-tenth of total energy intake comes from empty kcalories ANSWER b 43. Overweight teens with at least one obese parent have about a ________ chance of becoming obese adults. a. 10% b. 35% c. 50% d. 65% e. 80% ANSWER e 44. About how many hours of television do children aged 8 to 18 years watch each day? a. 2.5 b. 3 c. 4.5 d. 5 e. 6.5 ANSWER c 45. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, what is the recommended maximum number of hours/day of television viewing for a child between 2 and 5 years of age? a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 e. 5 ANSWER b 46. How many ounces of sugar-sweetened soft drinks do adolescent boys consume each day at school? a. 8 b. 12 c. 20 d. 24 e. 26 ANSWER d 47. To help improve a child’s BMI, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends limiting television and video time for children older than 5 years to ________ hours per day. a. 2 b. 3 c. 3.5 d. 4 e. 4.5 ANSWER a