Answers to Questions for Review

Answers to Questions for Review Answers to Multiple Choice, Fill in the Blanks, Matching, True/False, Visualize It!, and Concept Mapping questions are listed here. Answers to Short Answer and Critical Thinking questions are available for instructors only in the Instructor’s Manual that accompanies this text. CHAPTER 1 Multiple Choice 1. a; 2. c; 3. d; 4. a; 5. c; 6. d; 7. a; 8. b; 9. d; 10. d Fill in the Blanks 1. Martinus Beijerinck and Sergei Winogradsky; 2. Louis Pasteur and Eduard Buchner; 3. Paul Ehrlich; 4. Edward Jenner; 5. John Snow; 6. Robert Koch; 7. John Snow; 8. Louis Pasteur; 9. Louis Pasteur Visualize It! 1. 1. cilium; 2. flagellum; 3. pseudopod; 4. nucleus; 2. Microbes were only on dust in neck’s bend. Matching 1. J; 2. H; 3. C; 4. C, H, K; 5. B; 6. A; 7. C; 8. E; 9. D; 10. D; 11. I; 12. L Concept Mapping 1. Eukaryotes; 2. Molds; 3. Yeasts; 4. Protozoa; 5. Unicellular; 6. Algae; 7. Unicellular; 8. Multicellular; 9–10. Bacteria, Archaea; 11–12. Acellular, Obligate intracellular parasites CHAPTER 2 Multiple Choice 1. c; 2. d; 3. c; 4. c; 5. b; 6. c; 7. a; 8. a; 9. a; 10. c Fill in the Blanks 1. valence; 2. nonpolar covalent; 3. ATP; 4. fat, wax, amylose (starch), glycogen; 5. functional groups; 6. hydrolysis; 7. exothermic; 8. products; 9. pH; 10. ribose Visualize It! 1. Primary structure: light blue strands. Secondary structure: green α-helices, gray β-pleated sheets. The entire molecule represents tertiary structure; 2. See Figure 2.21; every angle formed by lines without a lettered designation represents a carbon atom. Purple box = amino group, orange box = carbox yl group, blue box = side group Concept Mapping 1. RNA; 2–4. mRNA, rRNA, tRNA; 2. Ribonucleotides; 3. Ribose; 4. Nitrogenous bases; 5. Guanine; 6. DNA; 7. Double-stranded; 8. Deoxyribonucleotides; 9. Deoxyribose or Phosphate; 10. Nitrogenous bases; 11. Deoxyribose or Phosophate; 15–16. Adenine, Cytosine CHAPTER 3 Multiple Choice 1. b; 2. b; 3. c; 4. c; 5. c; 6. d; 7. a; 8. a; 9. a; 10. b; 11. c; 12. d; 13. d; 14. b; 15. c Matching 1. D Glycocalyx; B, H, I Flagella; F Axial filaments; H Cilia; A Fimbriae; C, G Pili; E Hami; 2. A Ribosome; D Cytoskeleton; F Centriole; E Nucleus; I Mitochondrion; G Chloroplast; C Endoplasmic reticulum; H Golgi body; B Peroxisome Visualize It! 1. a. cytoplasm—contains metabolic chemicals; b. nucleoid—site of DNA (genes); c. glycocalyx—adhesion; d. cell wall—protects against osmotic forces; e. inclusions—stored chemicals; f. ­f lagellum—motility; g. cytoplasmic membrane—controls import and export; h. nucleolus— site of RNA synthesis; i. cilium—motility; j. 80S ribosomes—make proteins; k. nuclear envelope— bounds DNA (genes); l. mitochondrion—makes ATP (energy source); m. centriole—plays a role in cell division; n. Golgi body—packages secretions; o. rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)—transports proteins; p. smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)—lipid synthesis; q. cytoskeleton—helps maintain cell shape; 2. a. axial filament (endoflagella); b. peritrichous; c. polar (tuft); d. polar (single); 3. Chemical A enters the cell via facilitated diffusion through a protein channel, which is likely specific for chemical A. Chemical B does not have such a route. At some concentration of chemical A, all the protein channels are filled, such that the rate of diffusion cannot increase. The cell could increase the rate of diffusion of chemical A by inserting more of the channel protein into the membrane. The rate of diffusion of chemical B could be increased by removing chemical B from the cytoplasm at an increased rate. This would have the effect of increasing its concentration gradient. Concept Mapping 1. Gram-positive cell wall; 2. Teichoic acids; 3. Gram-negative cell wall; 4. Periplasm; 5. ­Peptidoglycan; 6. Glycan chains; 7. N-­acetylglucosamine; 8. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS); 9. Porin; 10. Lipid A CHAPTER 4 Multiple Choice 1. c; 2. d; 3. c; 4. d; 5. d; 6. d; 7. b; 8. a; 9. a; 10. d Fill in the Blanks 1. 6 0 0 * ; 2. heat fixation; 3. increases, increases, more; 4. Contrast; 5. negatively Visualize It! 1. a. scanning electron; b. bright-field light; c. phase-contrast light; d. fluorescent light; e. transmission electron; f. differential interference contrast (Nomarski); 2. See Figure 4.4. Concept Mapping 1. Iodine; 2. Ethanol and acetone; 3. Safranin; 4. Primary stain; 5. Decolorizer; 6. Gram-positive bacteria; 7. Purple; 8. Gram-negative bacteria; 9. Thin peptidoglycan layer CHAPTER 5 Multiple Choice 1. c; 2. a; 3. c; 4. a; 5. a; 6. c; 7. b; 8. d; 9. a; 10. c; 11. d; 12. d; 13. a; 14. a; 15. a; 16. c; 17. a; 18. c; 19. a; 20. c Matching 1. C; 2. B; 3. E; 4. A Fill in the Blanks 1. the original reaction center chlorophyll; 2. 2; 3. pentose phosphate, Entner-Doudoroff; 4. the Krebs cycle; 5. Oxygen or 1 ∙2 O2 ; 6. NO3 - , SO4 2 - ; CO3 2 - ; 7. inorganic; 8. Category of Enzyme Description Hydrolase Catabolizes substrate by adding water Isomerase Rearranges atoms Ligase/polymerase Joins two molecules together Transferase Moves functional groups Oxidoreductase Adds or removes electrons Lyase Splits large molecules 9. chemiosmosis; 10. NAD + , FAD Visualize It! 1. See Figure 5.13; 2. a. Glycolysis (cytosol); b. Electron transport chains (cristae—inner mitochondrial membranes); c. Krebs cycle (matrix); 3. Erythrose 4-phosphate is from the pentose phosphate pathway. PEP is from glycolysis. Concept Mapping 1. Glycolysis; 2. Synthesis of acetyl CoA; 3. Krebs cycle; 4. Electron transport chain; 5. Chemiosmosis; 6. 2 ATP; 7. 2 ATP; 8. 34 ATP; 9. Substrate-level phosphorylation; 10. Substrate-level phosphorylation; 11. Oxidative phosphorylation CHAPTER 6 Multiple Choice 1. b; 2. c; 3. b; 4. a; 5. b; 6. b; 7. d; 8. a; 9. c; 10. a; 11. b; 12. d; 13. c; 14. a; 15. a Fill in the Blanks 1. electrons; 2. singlet; 3. nitrogen; 4. Growth factors; 5. minimum growth temperature; 6. osmotic; 7. halophiles; 8. Carotenoid; 9. fixation; 10. streak plate; 11. inorganic Visualize It! 1. See Figure 6.2; 2. Beta-hemolysis Concept Mapping 1. General purpose; 2. Trypticase soy agar; 3. ­Enriched; 4. Fastidious microorganisms; 5. ­Differential; 6. Fermentation broths (phenol red); 7. Selective; 8. Unwanted microorganisms; 9. Selective and differential CHAPTER 7 Multiple Choice 1. a; 2. c; 3. d; 4. c; 5. d; 6. a; 7. a; 8. d; 9. a; 10. c; 11. c; 12. d; 13. a; 14. d; 15. c; 16. b; 17. d; 18. c; 19. b; 20. c; 21. b; 22. b; 23. a; 24. d; 25. b A-1 Z01_BAUM7206_05_SE_ANS.indd 1 11/25/16 2:48 PM A-2     ANSWERS Fill in the Blanks 1. initiation of transcription, elongation of the RNA transcript, termination of transcription; 2. codon; 3. silence, missense, nonsense; 4. frameshift; 5. promoter, operator, a series of genes; 6. inducible; 7. semiconservative; 8. transformation, transduction, bacterial conjugation; 9. Transposons; 10. Crossing over; 11. Transfer; 12. small interfering, micro Visualize It! 1. a. replication fork; b. stabilizing proteins; c. nucleotide (triphosphate); d. leading strand; e. ­helicase; f. primase; g. DNA polymerase III; h. RNA primer; i. Okazaki fragments; j. DNA polymerase I; k. lagging strand; l. DNA ligase; 2. GC base pairing is more stable than AT pairing because GC base pairs are held together by three hydrogen bonds. Therefore, the portion of the pictured molecule that appears as a single, thick structure has more GC base pairs than does the portion that has separated into two strands, forming a loop; 3. These drugs are analogs of the nucleotide bases in DNA. When incorporated into a strand of DNA, the drugs prevent the replication of new DNA strands because they lack an —OH on the 3 ′ carbon of the sugar needed for continued elongation. Concept Mapping 1. One or a few nucleotide base pairs; 2. Change in DNA sequence; 3. Inserted; 4. Deleted; 5. Substituted; 6. Insertion mutation; 7. Substitution mutation; 8. Effect on amino acid sequence; 9. Silent mutation; 10. Nonsense mutation; 11. Incorrect amino acid substituted CHAPTER 8 Multiple Choice 1. d; 2. b; 3. c; 4. d; 5. a; 6. c; 7. c; 8. b; 9. a; 10. d Modified True/False 1. cut; 2. True; 3. Electrophoresis; 4. True; 5. Southern blotting Visualize It! 1. Step 1, denaturation: 94°C; step 2, priming: DNA primer, deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates, DNA polymerase, cool to 65°C; step 3, extension: same reagents as step 2, 72°C; step 4, repeat. Concept Mapping 1. Mutagens; 2. Reverse transcriptase; 3. Restriction enzymes; 4. Blunt ends; 5–6. Transposons, Plasmids; 7. Southern blot; 8. DNA probes; 9–10. Radioactive, Fluorescent; 11–13. Electroporation, Protoplast fusion, Injection CHAPTER 9 Multiple Choice 1. a; 2. b; 3. d; 4. d; 5. d; 6. a; 7. d; 8. d; 9. c; 10. a; 11. d; 12. d; 13. a; 14. c; 15. c; 16. b; 17. a; 18. d; 19. d; 20. a Visualize It! 1. a. 1 min; b. 2.5 minutes; 2. Ions of copper and zinc from the brass have antimicrobial effects. Concept Mapping 1. Boiling water; 2. Thermoduric microorganisms; 3–6. Vegetative bacterial cells, Fungi, Most viruses, Protozoan trophozoites; 7. Autoclave; 8. Sterilization technique; 9. Pasteurization; 10. Thermoduric microorganisms; 11. 63°, 30 min; 12. Flash pasteurization; 13. Ultra-high–temperature pasteurization; 14. Equivalent treatments; Z01_BAUM7206_05_SE_ANS.indd 2 15. Ultra-high–temperature sterilization; 16. 140°, 1–3 sec Visualize It! CHAPTER 10 Multiple Choice Concept Mapping 1. d; 2. a; 3. a; 4. c; 5. d; 6. c; 7. a; 8. d; 9. a; 10. d Visualize It! 1. See Figure 10.4; 2. Etest; antimicrobial sensitivity and minimum inhibitory concentration; increasing the drug concentration would result in a zone of inhibition wider and longer than shown. Your oval should extend to at least 0.75. Concept Mapping 1. Mutation; 2. Cell division; 3–5. Conjugation, Transduction, Transformation; 6. Pathogen’s ­enzymes; 7. Beta-lactamase; 8. Penicillin; 9. Entry of antimicrobials into cell; 10. Altered target; 11. ­Efflux pumps CHAPTER 11 Modified True/False 1. asexually; 2. vibrio; 3. True; 4. lack; 5. rRNA; 6. True; 7. True; 8. True; 9. Epulopiscium; 10. True Multiple Choice 1. c; 2. a; 3. c; 4. d; 5. a; 6. d; 7. a; 8. b; 9. c; 10. d Matching 1. E; 2. B; 3. C; 4. D; 5. L; 6. K; 7. H; 8. Q; 9. I; 10. N; 11. P; 12. O; 13. M; 14. F; 15. A Visualize It! 1. See Figure 11.1; 2. (a) central (b) subterminal Concept Mapping 1. Prokaryotes; 2. Peptidoglycan; 3. Disease; 4. ­Extremophiles; 5. Thermophiles; 6. 7 8 0 °C; 7. Hydrothermal vents; 8. Acidophiles; 9. ­Halophiles; 10. Great Salt Lake; 11. Methane; 12. Animal colons; 13. Sewage treatment 1. See Figure 13.8; 2. See Figure 13.5. 1. Attachment; 2. Uncoating; 3. Synthesis; 4. ­Release; 5. Host cell; 6–7. Endocytosis, ­Fusion; 8. Viral nucleic acid; 9–14. dsDNA, ssDNA, + ssRNA, + ssRNA (retrovirus), - ssRNA, dsRNA; 15. Viral proteins; 16. New virions; 17–18. Budding, Exocytosis CHAPTER 14 Multiple Choice 1. a; 2. b; 3. b; 4. a; 5. d; 6. a; 7. d; 8. c; 9. a; 10. d; 11. d; 12. b; 13. c; 14. d; 15. b Fill in the Blanks 1. pathogen; 2. asymptomatic or subclinical; 3. ­etiology; 4. epidemiology; 5. zoonoses; 6. ­fomites; 7. Nosocomial; 8. prevalence; 9. biological; 10. lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or lipid A Visualize It! 1. a. Endemic (or sporadic); b. Epidemic; c. Pandemic; 2. The red epidemic affected more people during the first three days. The red epidemic has a short incubation time and is much more contagious; as a result, the susceptible population was infected in a short time. The blue epidemic has a longer incubation time than the red, resulting in a longer time until cases show up and a longer time over which new infections are occurring. Concept Mapping 1. Contact transmission; 2. Body; 3. Indirect contact; 4. Droplet transmission; 5. Vehicle transmission; 6–7. Waterborne, Foodborne; 8. Vector transmission; 9. Arthropod; 10. Biological; 11. Mosquito CHAPTER 15 Multiple Choice 1. d; 2. d; 3. b; 4. a; 5. d; 6. c; 7. d; 8. b; 9. a; 10. d Modified True/False CHAPTER 12 Multiple Choice 1. a; 2. d; 3. c; 4. b; 5. a; 6. d; 7. b; 8. c; 9. a; 10. c; 11. c; 12. a; 13. d; 14. a; 15. d 1. dead; 2. True; 3. True; 4. True; 5. monocytes; 6. True; 7. pathogen; 8. ingestion; 9. phagolysosomes; 10. Pathogen’s cytoplasmic membrane; 11. inflammation; 12. True; 13. True; 14. antimicrobial peptides; 15. True Matching Matching First section: 1. E; 2. B; 3. D; 4. C; 5. A Second section: 1. A; 2. F; 3. E; 4. C; 5. D; 6. B Third section: 1. C; 2. E; 3. B; 4. D; 5. A Visualize It! 1. a. ascospore, sexual; b. basidiospore, sexual; c. conidia, asexual; d. sporangiospore, asexual; 2. See Figure 12.17. Fill in the Blanks 1. protozoology; 2. mycology; 3. phycology; 4. ­mycoses; 5. radiolarians Concept Mapping 1. Protozoa; 2. Unicellular; 3–5. Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Plasmodium; 6. Fungi; 7. Yeasts; 8. Molds; 9. Chitin; 10. Algae; 11–12. Colonial, Unicellular; 13. Cell walls; 14–15. Alginic acid, Carrageenan CHAPTER 13 Multiple Choice 1. c; 2. c; 3. a; 4. a; 5. b; 6. c; 7. a; 8. d; 9. d; 10. b Matching 1. H; 2. G; 3. C; 4. B; 5. D; 6. E; 7. F; 8. A; 9. J; 10. I First section: 1. B; 2. B; 3. B; 4. B; 5. A; 6. B; 7. A; 8. B; 9. A; 10. A; 11. A; 12. B; 13. A; 14. C; 15. A Second section: 1. J; 2. E; 3. G; 4. D; 5. C; 6. H; 7. A; 8. B; 9. F; 10. I Visualize It! 1. See Figure 15.6; 2. See Figure 15.5. Concept Mapping 1–4. Dendritic cells, Eosinophils, Macrophages, Neutrophils; 5. Chemotaxis; 6. Adhesion; 7. Ingestion; 8. Killing; 9. Elimination; 10. Chemotactic factors; 11. Opsonins; 12. Phagosome; 13. Lysosome; 14. Phagolysosome; 15. Exocytosis CHAPTER 16 Multiple Choice 1. b; 2. e; 3. e; 4. b; 5. d; 6. a; 7. c; 8. d; 9. e; 10. a Modified True/False 1. antigen-presenting cells; 2. True; 3. cytotoxic; 4. Plasma cells; 5. antibody Matching First section: 1. D; 2. C; 3. ; 4. A Second section: 1. D; 2. A; 3. B; 4. C 11/25/16 2:48 PM ANSWERS      A-3 Visualize It! 1. See Figures 16.10 and 16.12; 2. MHC I and MHC II are found on the cytoplasmic membrane; pseudopods are the thin, fingerlike extensions of the cell; vesicles are the white structures within the cell. Concept Mapping 1. Secreted immunoglobulins; 2. Plasma cells; 3. Antigen-stimulated B cells; 4. Antigens; 5. ­A ntibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC); 6. Neutralization; 7. Phagocytosis; 8. Complement activation; 9. Inflammation; 10. Agglutination; 11–15. IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM CHAPTER 17 Multiple Choice 1. d; 2. c; 3. b; 4. c; 5. d; 6. d; 7. d; 8. a; 9. b; 10. d; 11. a; 12. d; 13. d; 14. d; 15. c True/False 1. False; 2. False; 3. True; 4. True; 5. False Matching 1. D; 2. C; 3. A; 4. B; 5. C; 6. A Visualize It! 1. See Figure 17.13; 2. Patients 5, 6, and 11 are most likely uninfected; patients 1 and 7 may be uninfected. The other patients have likely been infected. Concept Mapping 1. Active immunity; 2. Attenuated vaccines; 3–4. Measles vaccine, Varicella vaccine; 5. Microorganisms; 6. Inactivated vaccines; 7–8. Pertussis, Polio; 9. Immunizations; 10. Subunit vaccines; 11. Adjuvants; 12. Hepatitis B vaccine; 13. Modified toxins; 14. Tetanus toxoid Matching 1. C; 2. A; 3. F; 4. N; 5. B; 6. D; 7. E; 8. G; 9. K; 10. H; 11. I; 12. M infected with Borrelia. every other stage in the life of the tick and all the animals could be ­i nfected. Fill in the Blanks Concept Mapping 1. microbiota; 2. exfoliative; 3. impetigo; 4. necrotizing fasciitis; 5. pimples, sties, furuncles, carbuncles; 6. dermacentor; 7. erythema infectiosum; 8. papillomavirus; 9. gas gangrene; 10. bacteria, especially propionibacterium True/False 1. False; 2. False; 3. False; 4. True; 5. False Visualize it! 1. See Figure 19.10; 2. See Figure 19.12; 3. a. chickenpox, b. shingles, c. oral herpes, d. whitlow Concept Mapping 1. Simplexvirus; 2. Latency; 3. Recurrences; 4. ­Acyclovir; 5. Oral herpes; 6. Fever blisters; 7–8. Gingivostomatitis, Ocular herpes; 9. ­Herpetic whitlow; 10. Human herpesvirus 2; 11. Gental herpes; 12. Life-threatening; 13–14. Polyhedral capsid, Envelope CHAPTER 20 Multiple Choice 1. d; 2. b; 3. a; 4. c; 5. b; 6. b; 7. a; 8. b; 9. d; 10. d; 11. c; 12. c; 13. d; 14. a; 15. b Fill in the Blanks 1. synaptic cleft; 2. polysaccharide capsule; 3. Streptococcus agalactiae; 4. foodborne, infant, and wound; 5. Clostridium botulinum; 6. cryptococcal meningitis; 7. rabies; 8. peripheral; 9. dendrites; 10. petechiae; 11. trachoma; 12. ­conjunctiva; 13. sties; 14. Neisseria gonorrhoeae; 15. group B Visualize It! 1. e; 2. c; 3. d; 4. c; 5. c; 6. e; 7. b; 8. d; 9. c; 10. e; 11. b; 12. d; 13. a; 14. d; 15. d 1. See Figure 20.6b; 2. The needle is inserted through the skin (a), past the vertebrae (b), through the dura mater and subdural space (c) and arachnoid mater (d) to withdraw CSF from the subarachnoid space (e) Modified True/False Concept Mapping CHAPTER 18 Multiple Choice 1. Histamine, kinins, and/or proteases are; 2. True; 3. red blood; 4. type IV; 5. allograft or xenograft Matching 1. A; 2. D; 3. E; 4. D; 5. E; 6. D; 7. A; 8. C; 9. A; 10. A Visualize It! 1. See Figure 18.13; 2. See Figure 18.16; 3. a. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), b. positive ­t uberculin test, c. rheumatoid arthritis, d. urticaria (hives) Concept Mapping 1–2. Type 1 hypersensitivity, Allergies; 3. ­Allergens; 4–7. Bee venom, Dust mites, Peanuts, Pollen; 8–9. Basophils, Mast cells; 10. IgE; 11–13. Increased vascular permeability, Smooth muscle contraction, Vasodilation; 14–16. Asthma, Hay fever, Urticaria; 17. ­A naphylactic shock; 18–19. Antihistamine, Epinephrine CHAPTER 19 Multiple Choice 1. c; 2. c; 3. b; 4. d; 5. b; 6. d; 7. a; 8. d; 9. c; 10. a; 11. d; 12. d; 13. a; 14. c; 15. c Z01_BAUM7206_05_SE_ANS.indd 3 1. Haemophilus influenzae; 2. Neisseria gonorrhoeae; 3. Gram-positive diplococci; 4. Respiratory route; 5. Healthy carriers; 6. Infants and young children; 7. Vaccines; 8. Hib vaccine; 9. Pneumococcal vaccine (PCV); 10–11. Culture, Serological test; 12. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); 13. Antimicrobials; 14. Vancomycin CHAPTER 21 Multiple Choice 1. d; 2. a; 3. b; 4. b; 5. a; 6. c; 7. a; 8. c; 9. d; 10. b; 11. a; 12. d; 13. a; 14. b; 15. a; 16. a; 17. b; 18. c; 19. b; 20. b; 21. a; 22. c; 23. b; 24. d; 25. c Matching First section: 1. J; 2. D; 3. A; 4. G; 5. B; 6. F; 7. C; 8. E; 9. H; 10. I Second section: 1. A; 2. D; 3. B; 4. C; 5. E Fill in the Blanks 1. bubo; 2. brucellosis; 3. sporozoite; 4. ­disseminated intravascular coagulation; 5. brucellosis; 6. erythrocytic, exoerythrocytic, sporogonic; 7. Toxoplasma gondii; 8. Chagas’; 9. flea; 10. ­petechiae Visualize It! 1. See Disease in Depth, pp. 656–657; 2. The eggs and newly hatched spring larvae are not 1. Borrelia burgdorferi; 2. Deer ticks; 3. Vectors; 4. Reservoirs; 5. Deer; 6–7. Bull’s-eye rash, Mild flulike symptoms; 8. 75–80% of patients; 9–10. Cardiac symptoms, Neurological symptoms; 11. Arthritis; 12–13. Symptoms, ELISA; 14. Antimicrobials CHAPTER 22 Multiple Choice 1. b; 2. b; 3. a; 4. b; 5. b; 6. c; 7. a; 8. d; 9. a; 10. b Fill in the Blanks 1. streptococcal pharyngitis; 2. diphtheria; 3. syncytia; 4. amphotericin B; 5. Reye’s Modified True/False 1. does not produce; 2. the susceptibility of AIDS patients; 3. drift; 4. exposure to; 5. True Visualize It! 1. See Figure 22.15; 2. a. Mycobacterium tubercu­ losis, b. Klebsiella pneumoniae, c. Corynebacterium diphtheriae, d. Streptococcus pneumoniae Concept Mapping 1. Mycobacterium tuberculosis; 2. Primary infection; 3. Dormant infection; 4. Disseminated tuberculosis; 5–7. Cough, Blood-tinged sputum, Extensive lung damage; 8–11. Acid-fast stain of sputum, Chest X-ray, Culture on special media, Tuberculin skin test; 12. For 6–12 months; 13–15. Ethambutol, Isoniazid (INH), Rifampin; 16. Antibiotic resistance; 17–18. MDR-TB, XDR-TB CHAPTER 23 Multiple Choice 1. c; 2. c; 3. a; 4. c; 5. c; 6. b; 7. a; 8. c; 9. b; 10. c; 11. b; 12. c; 13. a; 14. d; 15. c Modified True/False 1. and does; 2. H. pylori; 3. True; 4. True; 5. less severe; 6. True; 7. protozoan; 8. True; 9. hepatitis A; 10. True Fill in the Blanks 1. enamel, dentin, pulp; 2. Streptococcus mutans (viridans streptococcus); 3. gastric, duodenal; 4. Shiga, Shiga-Like; 5. Oral herpes or fever blisters; 6. mumps; 7. jaundice; 8. giardiasis; 9. ­epithelial, adenylate cyclase; 10. Scolex Matching 1. I; 2. E; 3. J; 4. B; 5. C; 6. H; 7. A; 8. G; 9. D; 10. F Visualize It! 1. a. plaque (biofilm) forms, b. bacteria ferment sugar, producing acid, c. acid destroys enamel, d. acid destroys dentin; 2. See Figure 23.15; 43 Dane particles, 12 filamentous particles, 10 spherical particles; Dane particles have DNA; the other two particles are empty; none of the particles contain RNA (HBV is a DNA virus). Concept Mapping 1. Acute; 2. Chronic; 3. Cirrhosis of the liver; 4. Hepatitis A; 5. Hepatitis A virus (HAV); 6. Mild; 7. Hepatitis A vaccine; 8. Hepatitis B; 9. Hepatitis B virus (HBV); 10. Liver cancer; 11. Hepatitis B vaccine; 12. Hepatitis C; 13. ­Hepatitis C virus (HCV); 14. Sofosbuvir 11/25/16 2:48 PM A-4     ANSWERS rash; 8. ­Latent stage; 9. Never progress; 10. ­I nfect fetus in pregnant women; 11. ­Tertiary syphilis; 12–13. Cardiovascular syphilis, ­Neurosyphillis cerevisiae (yeast); 6. Bread to rise; 7. Alcohol in wine; 8. Gluconobacter; 9. Acetic acid in vinegar; 10. Soybeans and wheat First section: 1. F; 2. N; 3. I; 4. H; 5. E; 6. A; 7. D; 8. J; 9. G; 10. C; 11. M; 12. B; 13. K; 14. O; 15. L Second section: 1. E; 2. C; 3. F; 4. D; 5. H; 6. B; 7. I; 8. A (sometimes G); 9. G (sometimes A) CHAPTER 25 Multiple Choice CHAPTER 26 Multiple Choice Fill in the Blanks Modified True/False 1. lactic acid; 2. lactic acid; 3. True; 4. True; 5. True 1. True; 2. Competition; 3. True; 4. Littoral; 5. autotrophy Fill in the Blanks Fill in the Blanks CHAPTER 24 Multiple Choice 1. b; 2. a; 3. c; 4. d; 5. a; 6. d; 7. c; 8. c; 9. b; 10. a Matching 1. prepuce; 2. Escherichia coli; 3. bacterial vaginosis; 4. fimbriae, polysaccharide capsules, and lipooligosaccharide; 5. Chlamydia trachomatis; 6. trichomoniasis 1. c; 2. d; 3. c; 4. c; 5. b; 6. d; 7. d; 8. b; 9. b; 10. b; 11. d 1. c; 2. d; 3. a; 4. c; 5. a; 6. c; 7. a; 8. c; 9. b; 10. a Modified True/False 1. is not; 2. True; 3. sex; 4. men/women; 5. True; 6. sexually; 7. True; 8. are not recommended; 9. True; 10. True; 11. True 1. the food, processing or handling; 2. increases; 3. batch production, continuous flow production; 4. zero; 5. BOD (biochemical oxygen demand); 6. indicator organisms; 7. infection, intoxication; 8. biofuels; 9. biosensor; 10. BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) 1. iron, sulfur; 2. production, consumption, decomposition; 3. dinitrogen gas (N2 ); 4. phosphate ion (PO4 3 - ); 5. carbon dioxide (CO2 ) Visualize It! Matching Concept Mapping Modified True/False 1. See Figure 24.9; 2. a. Trichomonas vaginalis, b. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, c. Treponema pallidum, d. ­Candida albicans Concept Mapping 1. Treponema pallidum; 2. Spirochete; 3. ­Dark-field microscopy; 4. Primary syphilis; 5. Chancre; 6. Secondary syphilis; 7. ­Body-wide Z01_BAUM7206_05_SE_ANS.indd 4 1. C; 2. F; 3. H; 4. B; 5. A; 6. D; 7. G; 8. E Visualize It! 1. See Figure 25.1; 2. See Figure 25.2. Visualize It! 1. See Figure 26.4; 2. See Figure 26.5. 1. Guilds; 2. Metabolic function; 3. Pollution; 4. Carbon cycle; 5. Nitrogen cycle; 6. Sulfur cycle; 7. Phosphorus cycle; 8. Autotrophs Concept Mapping 1. Fermentation; 2. Sugars in milk; 3. Lactobacillus bulgaricus; 4. Maltose from grains; 5. Saccharomyces 11/25/16 2:48 PM