Nutrition - Attempt Review

Question 1 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Which of the following statements about electrolytes is FALSE? Select one: a. Foods that are high in potassium include the following: bananas, tomatoes, salmon, whole grains, lettuce, broccoli and spinach. b. Signs and symptoms of cystic fibrosis include the following: salty skin, respiratory infection, liver damage, infertility, and poor digestion and growth. c. Alternatives to using salt as a seasoning include the following: chives, dill, ginger, onion powder, parsley, thyme, turmeric, curry powder, and lemon juice. d. Excessive water intake does not alter the levels of critical electrolytes in the blood. ü e. High dietary intake of sodium is one risk factor for hypertension and contributes to high blood pressure in many people. The correct answer is: Excessive water intake does not alter the levels of critical electrolytes in the blood. Question 2 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Which of the following statements about metabolism is FALSE? Select one: a. Gluconeogenesis refers to the synthesis of glucose. b. Anabolism refers to the metabolic processes involved in building bigger molecules, and involves the consumption of energy. c. Proteolysis refers to synthesizing amino acids. ü d. Glycogenolysis refers to the breakdown of glycogen. e. Catabolism refers to the metabolic processes involved in molecule breakdown, and involves the release of energy. The correct answer is: Proteolysis refers to synthesizing amino acids. Question 3 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 A toddler's nutritional requirements include: (Choose all that apply) Select one or more: a. About 1,000 to 1,400 calories per day based on height ü b. 3 meals a day, spaced about 6-hours apart c. A sharp increase in Protein and a decrease in Carbohydrates d. A varying amount of calories depending on the child's activity level ü e. At least one chocolate chip cookie a day Your answer is correct. The correct answers are: About 1,000 to 1,400 calories per day based on height, A varying amount of calories depending on the child's activity level Question 4 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Which of the following statements about energy storage is TRUE? Select one: a. When there is a high concentration of ATP and acetyl-CoA catabolism is shut off and the synthesis of triglycerides, called lipogenesis, is stopped. b. When enough glycogen is produced (reaches its physiological limit), excess glucose is converted into fat. c. ü Glucose can be stored only in pancreas and liver tissues: for each molecule of glucose stored, one molecule of ATP is used. d. When glucose is stored, it is in the form of cellulose, a highly branched macromolecule consisting of thousands of glucose monomers held together by chemical bonds. e. Glycogen is a better alternative to fat for energy storage because glycogen is more compact (per unit of energy), while fat also stores water, which is heavy and increases body weight. The correct answer is: When enough glycogen is produced (reaches its physiological limit), excess glucose is converted into fat. Question 5 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Which of the following statements about micronutrients important for bone health is FALSE? Select one: a. Phosphate is present in many foods, including meat, fish, dairy products, processed foods, and beverages. b. Vitamin D deficiency is rare because there is an abundance of dietary sources (such as cod liver oil, salmon, and fortified milk) for this vitamin. c. ü Parathyroid hormone and calcitriol stimulate bone resorption, increasing not only blood levels of calcium, but also blood phosphate levels d. A magnesium-deficient diet is associated with decreased levels of parathyroid hormone and the lowered activation of vitamin D, which may lead to an impairment of bone remodeling e. Without adequate intake of vitamin D, less than 15 percent of calcium is absorbed from foods or supplements. The correct answer is: Vitamin D deficiency is rare because there is an abundance of dietary sources (such as cod liver oil, salmon, and fortified milk) for this vitamin. Question 6 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Which of the following statements is FALSE? Select one: a. In the elderly years, immune function decreases and there is lower efficiency in the absorption of vitamins and minerals. b. Inadequate iron intake during pregnancy can result in birth defects, such as spina bifida, which is the failure of the spinal column to close. c. ü Omega-3 fatty acids can help to prevent coronary artery disease. d. One recommendation for women experiencing menopause or perimenopause is doing stretching exercises to improve balance and flexibility and reduce the risk of falls and fractures. e. The taste threshold is higher in older adults, meaning that more of the same flavor must be present to detect the taste. The correct answer is: Inadequate iron intake during pregnancy can result in birth defects, such as spina bifida, which is the failure of the spinal column to close. Question 7 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Which of the following statements is FALSE? Select one: a. Cider vinegar is a salt alternative that can be used to seasons salads, vegetables, and sauces. b. 1 oz of almonds contains more vitamin E than 1 medium kiwi. c. The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the amount of energy required by the body to conduct its basic functions over a certain time period. d. Trabecular bone surrounds all cortical tissue and is the only bone tissue in the shafts of long bone e. If hypertension runs in a person’s family, that person is more likely to be salt-sensitive. The correct answer is: Trabecular bone surrounds all cortical tissue and is the only bone tissue in the shafts of long bone ü Question 8 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 According to the textbook, which of the following is NOT a possible reason for the childhood obesity epidemic? Select one: a. Smaller portions sizes ü b. Increased access to fast foods and vending machines c. Limited access to nutrient-rich foods. d. Declining physical education programs in schools. e. Insufficient physical activity and a sedentary lifestyle. The correct answer is: Smaller portions sizes Question 9 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Which of the following pairs of vitamins and food sources is INCORRECT? Select one: a. Folate --> green leafy vegetables, legumes, orange juice, fortified breakfast cereals, liver b. Biotin --> egg yolks, peanuts, cheese c. Cobalamin (B12) --> animal-derived foods, some soy beverages, fortified breakfast cereals d. Pyridoxine (B6) --> meats, whole grains, potatoes, bananas, avocados e. Pantothenic acid (B5) --> Eggs, meat, milk, peanuts, clams The correct answer is: Pantothenic acid (B5) --> Eggs, meat, milk, peanuts, clams ü Question 10 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 During pregnancy, a woman required certain 'conditionally essential nutrients', the best way to be sure to get these nutrients is (Choose all that apply) Select one or more: a. Taking a daily prenatal vitamin ü b. Eating a healthy diet ü c. Following a strict vegan or vegetarian diet d. Eating whatever she wants as long as she gets 2000-calories a day Your answer is correct. The correct answers are: Taking a daily prenatal vitamin, Eating a healthy diet Question 11 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 During pregnancy, alcohol can safely be consumed after the first trimester. Select one: True False ü The correct answer is 'False'. Question 12 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Which of the following statements about fluid and electrolyte balance is FALSE? Select one: a. The cell (by using many sodium-potassium pumps in the membrane) continuously pumps sodium ions out to establish a chemical gradient, which facilitates the transport of glucose into the cell. b. Thirst is triggered by either a decrease in blood volume or an increase in blood osmolality. c. Very little sodium is required in the diet because the kidneys actively reabsorb sodium. d. Electrolytes are substances that, when dissolved in water, disassociate into charged ions. Positively charged electrolytes are called anions. ü e. Chloride is the main anion in the extracellular fluid and follows sodium when it is transported in order to maintain charge neutrality. The correct answer is: Electrolytes are substances that, when dissolved in water, disassociate into charged ions. Positively charged electrolytes are called anions. Question 13 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Which of the following statements is TRUE? Select one: a. Niacin can be synthesized by humans from the amino acid tyrosine in an anabolic process requiring enzymes dependent on riboflavin, vitamin B6, and iron. b. Diet and regular physical activity cannot help manage gestational diabetes. c. 3 oz of clams has less vitamin B12 than 1 serving of cheeseburger. d. Key vitamins needed during puberty include vitamins D, K, and B2 e. None of the above The correct answer is: None of the above ü Question 14 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Which of the following statements about body weight are FALSE? Select one: a. Although it is relatively rare, anorexia nervosa is a serious psychiatric illness that can lead to extreme nutrient inadequacy and eventually to organ malfunction b. Bulimia is difficult to detect because individuals with this psychiatric illness often have a normal weight, despite eatting large amounts of food followed by purging, which is accomplished by vomiting and with the use of laxatives and diuretics. c. When BMIs increase over 25, there is an increased risk of developing diseases, such as heart disease, Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, postmenopausal breast cancer, colon cancer, stroke, osteoarthritis, and liver disease d. All underweight people have anorexia nervosa, and similarly, all overweight people have an eating disorder. ü e. The number of people considered overweight and obese in the world is now greater than the number that are starving. The correct answer is: All underweight people have anorexia nervosa, and similarly, all overweight people have an eating disorder. Question 15 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Which of the following statements about body weight is TRUE? Select one: a. A body mass index (BMI) over 25 indicates a person is obese b. Obese refers to having more weight than normal for a particular height and may be the result of water weight, muscle weight, or fat mass c. One of the limitations of BMI is that it does not take into account fat mass, fat distribution in the body, or muscle mass, which weighs more than body fat. ü d. Overweight refers specifically to having excess body fat. e. A body mass index (BMI) over 30 indicates a person is normal weight. The correct answer is: One of the limitations of BMI is that it does not take into account fat mass, fat distribution in the body, or muscle mass, which weighs more than body fat. Question 16 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Which of the following statements about moderate and vigorous physical activity is correct? Select one: a. Canoeing is an example of vigorous activity. b. Hiking uphill is an example of vigorous activity. c. ü Water aerobics is an example of vigorous activity. d. Swimming laps is an example of moderate activity. e. Ballroom/line dancing is an example of vigorous activity. The correct answer is: Hiking uphill is an example of vigorous activity. Question 17 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Which of the following statements is TRUE? Select one: a. Bone tissue is a composite of fibrous collagen strands that resemble the steel rebar in concrete and a hardened mineralized matrix that contains large amounts of calcium. b. 1 oz of cheese contains more vitamin K than 3 oz of ham. c. One of the symptoms of iron-deficiency anemia is having a migraine. d. The thyroid contains distinct centers of neural circuits that regulate hunger and satiety. e. None of the above. The correct answer is: Bone tissue is a composite of fibrous collagen strands that resemble the steel rebar in concrete and a hardened mineralized matrix that contains large amounts of calcium. ü Question 18 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 When it comes to breastfeeding, the following is true: (Choose all that apply) Select one or more: a. Breast Milk contains all of the nutrients a new born requires and gives a child the best start at a healthy life ü b. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that infants are fed only breast milk for the first 6-months of life ü c. The intention to breast feed is all a new mother needs to be successful at breast feeding her baby d. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) requires employers to provide a clean and private space, as well as adequate break time, for a woman to express milk ü e. The choice not to breast feed can negatively affect a child's health and wellness in later life ü Your answer is correct. The correct answers are: Breast Milk contains all of the nutrients a new born requires and gives a child the best start at a healthy life, The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that infants are fed only breast milk for the first 6-months of life, The Affordable Care Act (ACA) requires employers to provide a clean and private space, as well as adequate break time, for a woman to express milk, The choice not to breast feed can negatively affect a child's health and wellness in later life Question 19 Incorrect Mark 0.00 out of 1.00 Which of the following statements about transport of nutrients in the blood is FALSE? Select one: a. Water-soluble molecules, such as some vitamins, minerals, sugars, and many proteins, depend on the iron-containing hemoglobin molecule for transport within blood. b. Fat-soluble vitamins, triglycerides, cholesterol, and other lipids are packaged into lipoproteins that allow for transport in the watery environment of blood. c. Blood transports oxygen to support the metabolism of glucose to energy in the brain; energy that has to be readily available at all times. d. The movement of many proteins, drugs, and hormones is dependent on transport carriers, primarily albumin ý e. Blood is healthy when it contains the appropriate amount of water and cellular components, and proper concentrations of dissolved substances, such as albumin and electrolytes The correct answer is: Water-soluble molecules, such as some vitamins, minerals, sugars, and many proteins, depend on the ironcontaining hemoglobin molecule for transport within blood. Question 20 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Which of the following statements is TRUE? Select one: a. Fluoride is important for bone health because it stimulates new bone growth and can be found in seafood because ü the ocean contains natural sodium fluoride. b. Energy intake is regulated by complex physiological responses and is not influenced by genetics or society c. EER is calculated based on weight loss, not for weight maintenance or weight gain. d. Pyroxidine (B6) deficiency, deficiency, also known as beriberi, can cause symptoms of fatigue, confusion, movement impairment, pain in the lower extremities, swelling, and heart failure e. 1 cup of vegetarian baked beans has more folate than ½ cup of boiled spinach. The correct answer is: Fluoride is important for bone health because it stimulates new bone growth and can be found in seafood because the ocean contains natural sodium fluoride.