Lipids Course Materials

lipiolz fatty acids made mostly fat is stored in adipose , they are non-polar so don't dissolve in water-hydrophobic adipocytes/far cells large lipid droplet mainly triacylglycerols in size When may quadruple · hydrogen also known as cells containing ↳ carbons from pur we on & a flatened squashed , nucleus weight TRIGLYCERIDES : side chain Hydrophobic R fatty may "I . e . acids CH2-COOH -- esterified are homogenous be glycerol D - tristearate to to make a glycerol fat heterogenous or - Tristearin triglycerol-fatoroil (H2-0-co - R I B-0-10-R" 0 H -co -o - R" 1 may be the same or different I satura O & I . e . glycerol unsaturated an fat triglyceride (CssHar0d a acid Palmitic acid oleic acid & Different fats A kink in identified from their fatty are the chain mono-unsaturated poly-unsaturated UNSATURATED D include - - lowers one -+ the : most commonly simple saturated oner in nature , sunbranched melting point double c=c c= c acids linoleic acid bond double bonds : oleic acid , also branched a even cyclic cis-containg trans-both both double hydrogens on =c double hydrogens =c on on the same opposing side side hydrocarbon tail · xs Ho - (CHyln - CHy MOBILISATION : triacylglycerides hydrolysed must be controlled lipates Hormonally before they utilised can be fuel as phosphorylation of proteins s Perilipin A-fat droplet associated protein. phosphorylation of perilipinA normone-sensitive ACTIVATED fatty first lipace phosphorylated lipase TRANSPORTATION S acids oxidised in are of Fatty "AS-10A activated Reaction back to COA BREAKDOWN Of ACETYL saturated 3) 4) Acetyl cot Oxidation 2) II of COA atom A coenzyme to accessible to : fatty acide free A coenzyme before Mitochondrial entry to but hydroxyl bound I oxidation taker place in Mitochondrial matrix Mitochondrial membrane into the matrix of carnitine form acyl carnitine to outer mitochondrial to , on pyrophosphate ppi= across inner transport for matrix side of the membrane , membrane catalysed by carnitive 11 acytransferate : degraded by recurring by flavin sec membrane catalyzed by carnitive acyltransferase Acy) groups transferred " carnative transferred from sulphur is Acyl group to linkage linkage R mitochondrial on outer conjugated are are more O ng acids "They thioester a Amp+ppi II triacylglycerols Mitochondria the O 20 so : through formation activated hydrolyses triacylglycerides to - fat droplets restructures (fAD) dinucleotide adenine reactions sequence of" hydration Oxidation by NAD+ thiolysis by Coenzyme A-thiolysis Fatty chains acids 1) oxidation 2) Overall takei shortered place GODD-CHAIN & unevenly UNSATURATED most reaction with a thiol (R-SH) that clearer one compound into 2 ICs by of an CoA acetyl acid . Therefore DI 2 . this series palmitate (C6 of reactions degredation c-numbered of saturated fatty fatty acids having called B-oxidation acetyl CoM) Yield 8 molecules - REQUIRE ADDITIONAL STEPS FOR DEGRADATION FATTY ACIDS B-oxidation accomplishes complete unsaturated a B-carbon of fatty on complete oxidation UNSATURATED is pathway 106 ATP Molecules via NADH G fADH c : an even number of Carbon atoms. The case for most fatty acids : reactions remain Additional steps the same as require enzymes of for saturated an fatty isomerate od acids reductase ↓ number even number double bonds ODD CHAIN FATTY minority oxidised in ACIDS : the same way at even-numbered but , propiony, col molecules produced in final stage of degradation acids but , additional steps required for