Pharmacy Year 1 OSCE

Compare Otrivine spray and the vicks Vicks sinex because it gives a measured sinex pump spray. Which spray delivers dose so the same amount of drug is dethe most accurate dose and why? livered each time Benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexWhich two excipients help prevent bacte- idine glucanoate. Preventing bacterial rial growth in vicks? growth is important as it prevents infection Why it is the function of NaOH in vicks? Acts as a buffer and prevents damage to the nose Which excipients in vicks is the vehicle? Purified water Which two groups of people will have difficulty administering hypermellose eye drops? Elderly and children What is the preservative in the hyperme- Benzalkonium Chloride. Preservative llose eye drops and why is preservative stops bacterial growth so less risk of an used? infection People with sensitive eyes. People who wear soft contact lenses as the preserGroups of people who can't use the vative can react with the lenses. People preservative in hypermellose eye drops? who take medicines which can interact with the eye drops How long can hypermellose drops be used for once opened and why? 28 days or expiry date whichever is first. Preservative stops working so bacterial growth can occur What is the normal dose of Nystan and 1 mL 4 times a day. Dropper has marking how is it measured? on the sides What sweetener is used in nystan and is Sucrose. Not sugar free as it can damage it sugar free? teeth Sodium carboxymethylcellulose and glycerin. Acts as a suspending agent so What is the excipients in nystan that inreduce rate of sedimentation. Increased creases the viscosity of the medication viscosity allows medicine to stay in conand why is it important? tact with affected area for a longer period of time 1/6 Is nystan a local or systemic drug? Local. Works on mouth, throat and nose and doesn't affect the rest of the body How long should selsun shampoo be in contact with the skin? 2-3 minutes so drug can work without irritating the skin Don't use 2 days before or after dying What advice would you give to a patient hair as it can cause discolouration of the that wants to colour their hair after using dyed hair. Can be prevented if hair is selsun? rinsed properly Selsun shampoo is a suspension. Which Bentonite. Can't be used for oral suspenexcipient is a suspending agent and can sions as it is for external use only it be used for oral suspensions? Monoethaneolanine lauryl sulphate and empigen BB act as surfactants. When Which excipient causes the selsun shampoo is added to the scalp the danshampoo to foam. What group of excipidruff in the scalp binds to the shampoo ents do they belong to and how do they by forming a lather. When the shampoo clean the scalp? is rinsed out of the hair the dandruff is also removed so scalp is clean Why is chewing the Gaviscon tablet ben- Increases surface area of tablet so it will eficial to the action of the medicine? have a greater effect on the stomach Why can a gaviscon tablet not be swalToo big to swallow so patient can choke lowed whole? What are the three functions of mannitol in gaviscon? Sweetener, aids solubility and has a pleasant feel in the mouth What additional excipients are used in a Sweeteners - mannitol, aspartame and gaviscon chewable tablet compared to a acesulfame K normal tablet? Flavouring - mint flavour What happens to the aspirin tablet when Tablet disintegrates and starts to break you put it in the water? up Identify excipients in aspirin tablets that Sodium saccharin acts as a sweetener make it palatable? and creates a pleasant taste Starch is a polymer. When added to waIdentify excipient which aids dispersion ter it swells up and causes the tablet to in the aspirin tablet. What type of excipi- disperse. Calcium carbonate reacts with the citric acid when in water and pro2/6 ent is this and explain the mechanism by duces carbon dioxide which can help the how this works? tablet to disintegrate What are the benefits of aspirin tablet for- Dissolving in water makes it easier for mulation as opposed to normal tablets? people who can't swallow a tablet Is there a preservative in the eye oint- No because there is no water so there is ment and why? nowhere for the bacteria to grow Identify excipients in the eye ointment Wool fats (natural oils) as people may be which can cause side effects in a patient allergic to oil and why? Describe two disadvantages when using eye ointment compared to eye drops? Difficult to apply Can cause blurred vision for a while No preservatives as there is no water. Longer shelf life as there is no bacterial Describe two advantages of the eye ointcontamination. ment compared to eye drops? Drug stays in the eye longer than eye drops Bongela - clear in appearance and water based so less thick as it has a cooling affect Describe the look and feel of double E45 - White in colour. Heavy and oily so base gel compared to bongela and E45? really thick Double base - white in colour. Thinner than E45 but thicker than bongela Carbomer is a long chain polymer which Which excipient is responsible for mak- produces a matrix. Drug diffuses through ing the double base into gel formulation. gel and the high water content causes Describe how this occurs? the polymer to swell and causing cross links to form What is sorbitan laureate and why is it used in double base? Acts as an emulsifying agent and brings oil and water together to form a stable uniform mix Reduces the loss of water from creams Describe the function of glycerol in dou- and gels because it used as a moisturisble base gel and importance in the for- er so a high water content is important. mulation? Holds water and prevents it from escaping 3/6 Carabiner is a long chain polymer. When Which excipient is the emulsifying agent in water the polymers swells up forming in dentinol colic drops. Explain how this cross links so the oil and water bind toemulsifying agent works? gether and allows the drug to disperse Sucrose acts as a sweetener Which two excipient improve pal stability Dill oil acts as a flavouring and masks the of dentinol colic drops. How? smell What ingredients are preservatives in dentinol colic drops? E214 - ethyl hydroxybenzoate E216 - propyl parahydroxybenzoate E218 - methyl parahydroxybenzoate Add dentinol to water and determine what type of emulsion it is and explain why? O/w as emulsion dissolves in water Identify the excipient responsible for forming a film in the bazuka gel? Proxylin nitrocellulose produces the film. It dries to form a waterproof film on the skin to deliver the drug Which excipient is responsible for the drying effect in the bazuka gel? Ethanol and ethyl acetate are solvents which can evaporate. Evaporation causes the drying effect What is the function of camphor in the bazuka gel? Camphor makes the film waterproof No because the product forms a protecDoes the patient need to use a plaster tive film which protects the affected area after using the bazuka gel and why? so a plaster isn't required How is the nozzle of the enema lubricat- Lubricant is made out of soft white parafed before insertion? fin Product can solidify in the fridge and may Why is it important not to refrigerate the become unstable enema? If it is too cold, it will be uncomfortable when going in the rectum Works within 2 - 5 minutes. Stay in the How soon can the enema work and what insertion position and insert the medicine advice would you give to the patient? near the toilet as it will work immediately 4/6 133 mL of medicine in the bottle. Dose is What is the volume of the liquid held in 118 mL. There is a difference as some the enema. How much will be inserted medicine may fall out and some may be into the rectum and why? left in the bottle What type of product is the canestan pessary and how is it inserted? Tablet pessary made from compressed powder. An applicator is used to help insert the pessary into the vagina The pessary disintegrates. The excipient maize starch crospovidane helps the pessary to disintegrate to reWhat happens to the canestan pessary lease the active ingredient and the vagiin water and why? na will absorb the medicine better as the surface area of the pessary has increased Not advised to use during pregnancy as it can distress the baby and may cause Can canestan pessary be used in pregthe baby to come out. Can be used if nancy and why? used without an applicator and a finger is used instead What is the function of hypermellose in the canestan pessary? Helps the pessary to hold together by acting as a binding agent What type of breath actuated inhaler are Aerosol breath activated and drug can these and how are they different to a only be released when you breathe in. standard MDI inhaler? Don't need to press a button to use Which two patients may benefit from us- Children and elderly as they have difficuling an autohaler and why? ty coordinating Tests whether the inhaler works by using What is the function of the release slide the slide to release air. The slide is used on the autohaler and when should this be when the inhaler hasn't been used for used? more than 2 weeks Do these inhalers require a propellant? Yes so the gas will be maintained as liquid at room temperature in the aerosol Used for travel sickness and can last for What are scopaderm patches used for 72 hours. Good for people who go on and how long do they last? long journeys 5/6 5 - 6 hours before leaving for the journey. Time is needed for drug to enter systemic How long will it take for the scopaderm circulation as it has to cross the rate limpatch to be effective and why? iting membrane before being absorbed through the skin Describe the appearance of the scopa- Skin coloured thin circle. Patch is transderm patch and the method used for the dermal as it delivers drug through the delivery of the patch? skin by a rate limiting membrane Yes they can swim/bathe but not for too Is it possible to swim/bathe whilst using long. If it falls off dispose the old patch the patch and what should a patient do and place a new patch but in a different when it falls off? area. 6/6