Workshop Renal System

Q1 Anatomy of the renal/urinary system 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Name the different structures according to the numbers What is the anatomical location of the kidneys respect to the vertebrae? What is the location of the kidneys respect to the peritoneal cavity? In the figures the kidneys are NOT located at the same level, correct? what is the difference and why this happens? What type of fat covers the kidneys? What ribs are protecting the kidneys? Do they offer good protection? Q2 Anatomy of the kidney 1. 1 2 2. 3. 3 4. 4 5. 6. Name artery 1, and the subsequent branches inside the kidney till the arteriole that is in contact with the nephron. How is the external part of the kidney (number 2) called? Can you identify the renal pyramids in the figure? In what part of the kidney are they located? What structures are inside the pyramids? What fluid do these structures transport? What is the cup-like structure that collect fluid from the renal pyramids? Where is it in the pic? What is its function? Name the structure in number 3 What structure is number 4? What fluid does it transport? Where is that fluid transported to? Q3 Structure of the Nephron 1. 2. 3. 4. Name structures from 1 to 11. What fluid is transported by each structure? Where does filtration take place? And reabsorption? And Secretion? How much filtrate is produced during the filtration process every day? How much is excreted? What happens to the difference? Q4 What stops filtration of blood cells through the Glomerulus? a) The pores of fenestrated endothelium are not big enough b) The pores of fenestrated endothelium are formed by glycoproteins that have negative charge in solution c) The pressure of the blood in the efferent arteriole is very low for filtration d) The blood cells attached to cell adhesion molecules in the glomerulus Q5 name the structures in the renal corpuscle Q6 Where is glucose reabsorb? a) in the glomerulus b) In the distal convoluted tube c) In the thick ascending loop of Henle d) In the proximal convoluted tube Q7 What determines the amount of urine that is formed? a) b) c) d) Reabsorption Secretion Reabsorption and secretion number of red blood cells Q8 How and where does the diuretic drug furosemide exert its action? a) b) c) d) In the glomerulus by enhancing salt filtration In the proximal convoluted tube by blocking salt reabsorption In the descending part of the Loop of Henle by promoting salt reabsorption In the ascending part of the Loop of Henle by blocking salt reabsorption Q9 What is the mechanism of action and effect of Thiazides? a) Inhibition of salt reabsorption in the distal convoluted tube leading to diuresis b) Enhancing salt reabsorption in the distal convoluted tube leading to water retention c) Inhibition of salt reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tube leading to diuresis d) Enhancing salt reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tube leading to diuresis Q10 What does the drug Amirolide do and what is its effect? a) b) c) d) Inhibits the epithelial sodium channel in collecting duct inducing diuresis Inhibits urea reabsorption in the collecting duct reducing diuresis Inhibits epithelial sodium channel in collecting duct inducing water retention Inhibits glucose transport in collecting duct inducing diuresis Q11 Is water reabsorbed in the Collecting Duct of the nephron? a) b) c) d) Normally yes but it is inhibited by sex hormones Only if stimulated by anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) Normally yes but it is inhibited by ADH Only if stimulated by acetyl choline Q12 Look at the blue cells in the pic and answer the following questions - Where are they? - What is their name? - What do they release and how this release is activated (mention three factors)? - What is the name of the cells in green? - What is the function of the cells in green? Q13 What is Renin? a) It is a hormone b) It is an enzyme c) It is a structural protein d) It is a transcription factor Q14 What does Renin do? a) b) c) d) Converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II Converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I Converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin II Converts angiotensin I into aldosterone Q15 What enzyme converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II? a) b) c) d) Angiotensin phosphatase Angiotensin I kinase Angiotensin converting enzyme Angiotensin acetylase Q16 look at the figure and answer the following questions? a) 1 b) c) d) 5 2 6 7 3 4 e) 8 f) g) h) What colour have the stretch receptors in the figure? Name the structures 1-4 Is the green pathway activated? What are the red and blue centers in structure number 2? What is their function? What innervation is the pathway in blue? Is activated or inhibited? What molecule would be released in case of activation? What receptor is number 5? Same question as in e but for pathwayreceptor number 6 Same question as in e but for pathwayreceptor number 7 Same question as in e but for pathwayreceptor number 8