Mock Exam Questions

1. 1. Calculate the pH of a solution of 0.2M acetic acid and 0.35M acetate ion. The pK of acetic acid is 4.8.: 5.04 2. 2. The Folin reagent, used to measure protein, reacts with the side chain of which amino acid?: Tyrosine 3. 3. Name one intermediate of the Krebs cycle that is a precursor of the amino acid glutamate: ±ketoglutarate 4. The x and y intercepts of the Hanes-Woolfe plot are, respectively:: -Km and Km/Vmax 5. The Michaelis constants for hexokinase in the brain and glucokinase in the liver are 0.1 and 10 mM, respectively. This allows the:: Brain to scavenge glucose when this sugar is scarce 6. The Krebs or TCA cycle is located in which cellular compartment?: The mitochondrial matrix 7. The Electron Transport Chain is located in which cellular compartment?: The inner membrane of the mitochondrion 8. A stretch of double-stranded DNA contains 1500 base pairs and its base composition is 68% G+C. How many thymine residues are in this region of DNA?: 480 9. Which chromosome component is associated with both ageing and protection against cancer?: Telomere 10. What is the correct order for these cell cycle phases?: G1 ’ S ’ G2 ’ M ’ G1 11. Using the Nernst equation, calculate the equilibrium potential for Cl- if [Cl-]0 = 140 mM, [Cl-]i = 19 mM.: -53mV 12. Mitosis occurs in stages. Which of the below best represents the correct order?: Prophase’Prometaphase’Metaphase’Anaphase’Telophase’Cytokinesis 13. Which one of the following is NOT a protein of muscle?: Glycophorin 14. The female reproductive phases are: menstrual; pre-ovulatory; ovulation; post-ovulatory. Which of the following best describes the predominant hormone concentration at each phase? (FSH = follicle stimulating hormone; LH = luteinizing hormone.): FSH; oestrogens; LH; progesterone 15. Which of the following cell type(s) is(are) found in blood? I. Erythrocytes II. Leukocytes III. Thrombocytes: ALL of the above 16. The approximate red blood cell lifespan and the blood plasma NaCl concentration are, respectively: 120 days and 150 mM 17. Cholesterol is synthesised in which tissue/organ?: Liver 18. Which tissue/organ synthesises, but cannot use, ketone bodies?: Liver 1/4 19. The alpha and beta pancreatic islet cells secrete, respectively:: glucagon and insulin 20. The H, P and A abbreviated, respectively, in the term "HPA - axis" refer to?: Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal 21. If an enzyme catalysed reaction with a Km of 150 µM, a rate of the reaction (v0) of 1.5 µmol min-1 and a substrate concentration of 75 µM was investigated under pre-set conditions, what is the Vmax?: 4.5 µmol min-1 22. Which steroid hormone maintains blood glucose levels?: Cortisol 23. The composition of the epidermis is best described by which combination of cells?: Keratinocytes, Langerhan cells, Melanocytes and Merkel cells 24. From the inside outwards, which is the correct histological order of the alimentary canal wall?: Mucosa’Submucosa’Lumen’Muscularis externa’Serosa 25. Which of the following best describes the characteristics of smooth muscle?: Peristalsis; No striations; Contractions are slow; Stimulated by hormones 26. Which is the correct sequence for the circulatory system?: Right ventricle’pulmonary artery’lungs’pulmonary vein’left atrium/ventricle’aorta’tissues’vena cava’right atrium 27. In the treatment of hypertension, the effects, respectively, of beta adrenoreceptor antagonists (²blockers), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and diuretics are to:: increase cardiac output, reduce total peripheral resistance and reduce blood volume 28. Salbutamol is effective in the treatment of asthma as a bronchodilator because this drug is a...: ²2receptor agonist 29. Acid / Base balance in the kidney is facilitated by the nephron which can make:: H2CO3 , excrete H+ , reabsorb HCO3- and maintain plasma pH at 7.4 30. Which of the following correctly list the respective functions of the kidney cortex, medulla and renal pelvis?: Blood filtration, processing ultra-filtrate and collection/drainage of urine into the ureter 31. Which one of the following kingdoms does NOT belong to the domain Eukaryota?: Bacteria 32. Which one of the following is a sugar derivative found in peptidogylcan?: N-acetylglucosamine 33. One of the following amino acids is NOT a component of the tetrapeptide amino acid side chains that link peptidoglycan units in the cell wall of bacteria:: D-aspartic acid 34. Which one of the options given below is a component found in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?: Lipid A 35. Which one of the following represents the sedimentation coefficient of intact bacterial ribosomes?: 70S 2/4 36. Which one of the following best describes the function of inclusion bodies in the bacterial cell?: They store carbon, phosphorus and other substances 37. Which one of the options below best describes the arrangement of flagella on a bacterial cell when the term peritrichous is used to describe them?: Around the bacterial cell projecting in many directions 38. Which one of the following microorganism produces the antibiotic erythromycin?: Streptomyces erythreus 39. Which one of the following options describe chemotaxis?: Movement of bacteria in response to chemicals 40. Which one of the options is the percentage of the Gram-negative cell wall made up from peptidoglycan?: 10% 41. Which one of the following pathogens uses neural tissues to spread from their initial site of infection?: Rhabdovirus 42. Which one of the following statements refers to a preferred characteristic of an antimicrobial agent with regards to "selective toxicity"?: Toxic only for microbial cells 43. Which one of the following processes is responsible for the resistance of bacterial ribosomes to chloramphenicol?: Acetylation 44. Which one of the following possible actions of bacteriostatic antibiotics is TRUE?: Inhibits bacterial cell growth 45. Figure 2 shows the general structure of a bactericidal antibiotic in which important components of the structure are identified by boxes i; ii and iii. Which component confers properties such as acid resistance, ß-lactamase resistance or the ability to cross lipid bi-layer membranes?: i 46. If the decimal reduction time at 60OC for viable cells of the bacterium Proctodium wulfrunii is 0.75 of a minute, how many minutes would a population of 2 x 106 viable cells/ml need to be heated at 60OC to reduce the viable population to 2 x 10-6 cells per/ml?: 9 minutes 47. Which one of the options below best describes the condition where bacteria are actively growing or multiplying in the blood?: Bacteremia 48. Gas gangrene is usually associated with deep tissue wounds and is characterized by foul smell, massive tissue destruction and blackened skin. Which one of the microorganisms listed below causes this condition?: Clostridium perfringens 49. Which of the common conditions listed below does the Varicella-Zoster virus cause?: Chicken pox and shingles 50. Which of the options below best describes how the abuse of antibiotics could be avoided?: None pf the above 3/4 51. Which one of the attributes described below is associated with the innate immune response?: Non-specific 52. Which one of the following statements regarding the innate immune system is FALSE?: Soluble mediators (complement) do not play a role in fighting pathogens 53. Which one of the following statements regarding immunity is INCORRECT?: CD4 response against a virus is part of an innate immune response 54. Administration of protective antibodies in tetanus is an example of which one of the following immunization strategies?: Passive artificial immunization 55. Which one of the options given below best describes the contents of the BCG vaccine?: Live attenuated bacteria 56. Which one of the following statements regarding cells and organs of the immune system is INCORRECT?: Lymph nodes are primary lymphoid organs 57. Which one of the options below is the classification of an IgM heavy chain?: Mu 58. When describing an immunoglobulin the Fc is an abbreviation for which one of the options listed below?: Fragment crystallizable 59. Which one of the classifications listed below is normally used to describe aT helper cell?: CD4 cells 60. An antibody is generated by which one of the following cell types?: Plasma B cell 4/4