Cellular Transport Review 21

Cellular Transport Review OSMOSIS Label the pictures below ( isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic) _hypo_____________ __hyper_____________ _____iso____________ ___hyper_______tonic means there is a GREATER concentration of solute molecules OUTSIDE the cell than inside. ___hypo_______ tonic means there is a LOWER concentration of solute molecules OUTSIDE the cell than inside. __iso________tonic means there is the SAME concentration of solute molecules outside the cell as inside. The pressure inside a plant cell caused by water pushing against the cell wall is called _turgor__________________ pressure. The SWELLING AND BURSTING of animal cells when water enters is called __cytolysis _______________________. This happens when a cell is placed in a ___hypo______tonic solution. Placing plant cells in a HYPOTONIC solution causes the osmotic pressure to _______________. increase decrease The SHRINKING of plant cells when water leaves so the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall is called _plasmolysis ______. It happens when a plant cell is placed into _hyper_________tonic solution. When water leaves a plant cell, the osmotic pressure will ___________________. increase 1 decrease The shrinking of ANIMAL cells that are placed in a HYPERTONIC solution is called plasmolysis______________________. Cells stay the same size when placed in an _iso_______tonic solution because the amount of water leaving the cell is the same and the amount of water entering. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * MULTIPLE CHOICE: Circle the answer(s) that best completes the sentence. The substance that dissolves to make a solution is called the ___________________ A. diffuser B. solvent C. solute D. concentrate During diffusion molecules tend to move _____________________ A. up the concentration gradient B. down the concentration gradient C. from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration D. in a direction that doesn’t depend on concentration When the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a system, the system has reached __________________. A. maximum concentration B. homeostasis C. osmotic pressure D. equilibrium The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called ________________. A. active transport B. facilitated diffusion C. osmosis D. phagocytosis Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and exocytosis are all kinds of _______________ transport. A. active B. passive Glucose enters cells most rapidly by _________________ A. diffusion B. facilitated diffusion C. ion channels D. phagocytosis Energy for active transport comes from a cell’s ___________________. A. Golgi complex B. nucleus 2 * C. mitochondria D. lysosomes ________________ transport requires energy from ATP to move substances across membranes. A. Passive B. Active A cell must expend energy to transport substances using ________________. A. diffusion B. facilitated diffusion C. ion channels D. osmosis E. endocytosis White blood cells engulf, digest, and destroy invading bacteria using __________________. A. Facilitated diffusion B. pinocytosis C. phagocytosis D. osmosis Look at the picture of the cell membrane (chapter 4): The carrier proteins that help in facilitated diffusion are _______________ proteins. A. peripheral B. integral All of the A. B. C. D. E. following are kinds of passive transport EXCEPT ________________________ diffusion facilitated diffusion osmosis phagocytosis ion channels Endocytosis that brings in small dissolved molecules (solutes) and fluids is called ___________________. A. pinocytosis B. phagocytosis C. facilitated diffusion D. osmosis Golgi bodies use ____________________ to transport molecules out of cells. A. ion channels B. phagocytosis C. pinocytosis D. exocytosis The pressure exerted by water moving during osmosis is called __________________ pressure. A. tonic B. diffusion C. selectively permeable D. osmotic 3 Placing an animal cell in a hypotonic solution will cause water to ______________________. A. move into the cell B. move out of the cell When molecules move DOWN the concentration gradient it means they are moving from ______________ A. an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration B. an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration Gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide move across cell membranes using _____________________ A. endocytosis B. ion channels C. diffusion D. facilitated diffusion * * * * * * * Complete the transport terms. * * * * * * * * 1. Active transport requires _E_n _e_ _r_ _g_ _y_ __ to move molecules across membranes. 2. _A_ t__ _p_ is the molecule that provides the energy for active transport. 3. Golgi bodies use _E_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ to release molecules outside the cell. 4. _D_ _i_ _f_ _f_ _u_ _s_ i__ _o_ _n_moves oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration across membranes. 5. The cell organelles that burns glucose and provides ATP for active transport are the _Mitochondria _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __, 6. Water moves across membranes by _Osmosis __ __ __ __ __ __. 7. A small membrane sac used to transport substances during exocytosis & endocytosis = _Vesicle _ __ __ __ __ __ __ 8. Kind of endocytosis that takes in small dissolved molecules (solutes) or fluids = _Pinocytosis _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 9. _Passive _ __ __ __ __ __ __ transport does NOT REQUIRE energy. 10. During _Facilitated_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ diffusion carrier proteins grab glucose molecules, change shape, and flip to the other side of the membrane, like a revolving door. 11. A _Carrier _ __ __ __ __ __ __ protein is an integral membrane protein that helps move molecules across a cell membrane. 12. A cell placed in an _Isotonic _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ solution neither swells or shrinks because the concentration of molecules outside the cell is the same as inside. 13. A solution in which there is a HIGHER concentration of molecules OUTSIDE the cell than inside = _Hypertonic_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __. 14. A CONCENTRATION _Gradient_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ forms whenever there is a difference in concentration between one place and another. 15.Pinocytosis, phagocytosis, and Na+-K+ pumps are all kinds of _Ative_ __ __ __ __ __ transport because they use energy to move substances across membranes. 16. A solution in which the concentration of molecules outside the cell is LOWER than inside = _Hypotonic_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __. 4 17. A _Sodium _ __ __ __ __ __-_Potassium _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _Pump_ __ __ __ uses ATP to move three Na+ ions out of a cell while it moves two K+ ions in. 18. Pinocytosis & phagocytosis are both kinds of _Endocytosis_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __. 19. When molecules move from high to low along a concentration gradient we say they are moving “_Down_ __ __ __” the gradient. 20. _Osmotic_ __ __ __ __ __ __ pressure is caused by water inside a plant cell pushing against the cell wall. 21. The shrinking of a plant cell membrane away from the cell wall when placed in a hypertonic solution is called _Plasmolysis_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __. 22. White blood cells use _Phagocytosis_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ to engulf and destroy bacteria that the glycoproteins recognize as “not self”. 23. The swelling and bursting of animal cells when placed in a hypotonic solution is called _Cytolysis_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __. 24. Proteins (like carrier proteins) that stick INTO the cell membrane either part way or all the way through are called _Integral_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ proteins. 25. Ca++, H+, Na+, and K+ move across membranes by going through passageways called _Ion_ __ __ _Channels _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __. LOOK AT THE DIAGRAMS. The black dots represent solute molecules dissolved in water In which beaker is the concentration of solute the greatest? A * * A or B * * * B * * * * * * * * * * If the solute (dots) in this diagram is unable to pass through the dividing membrane, what will happen? A. the water level will rise on the right side of the tube B. the water level will rise on the left side of the tube C. the water level will stay equal on the two sides * * * * * * * * * 5 * * * * * * What does it use to help: Carrier proteins? Vesicles? Needs no help? NO Active or Passive COMPARE/CONTRAST the kinds of transport p DIFFUSION Example of substance(s) that use this kind of transport in cells O2/CO2 p Membrane protein Amino acids glucose p Aquaporin Water p Membrane protein Cl-,mg2 A Membrane protein Na+/k+ A Vesicle Bacteria A vesicle Sugar and proteins A Vesicle FACILITATED DIFFUSION OSMOSIS ION CHANNELS Sodium-Potassium (Na+ -K+) pump ENDOCYTOSIS (phagocytosis) ENDOCYTOSIS (pinocytosis) Exocytosis protein Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis 6