Important Renal Notes - Edubirdie

University:
Western Sydney University
Course:
MEDI 2003 | Clinical Sciences 2
Academic year:

2024
Views:

73

Pages:

3
Author:

Mariam A. A.

Important Renal Notes Counter Current Multiplication • Why this the interstium and the loop of Henle is more concentrated as you go down. 1# Reason 1. The descending limb is permeable to water but not solutes 2. The ascending limb is permeable to solutes but not water. 3. Water will go out of the descending limb, but not solutes, so things will become more concentrated within the descending limb, so from 300 to 400. 4. When new fluid comes in into the descending limb and the interstium it will be 300, so the 400 will move down and some will go into the ascending limb, so within the interstium and the descending loop of Henle and the ascending limb more concentrated as you go down. 5. But there is ions coming out of the ascending limb, so the interstium will become more concentrated, especially the fluid at the bottom most, since that is the oldest fluid 6. At the same time Water from the descending limb will go out into the interstium to reach equilibrium with the interstium (note that even though water from the descending limb is going out, and not solutes out of the descending, the interstium does not become dilute, because at the same time the ascending limb is also doing it is work and there is also the vasa recta. 2# reason Blood flow is slower deeper in the kidney so less ions are washed out. Types of Ca2+ • Diffusible FREE IONISED CALCIUM - Free ionised Ca2+, used for action potentials. Contraction of skeletal, smooth, or cardiac muscle Hormone secretion Blood coagulation COMPLXED CACLCIUM - Complexed Ca2+ Not useful for cellular processes Linked to negatively charged molecules such as oxalate and phosphate -> forms electrically neutral compounds. Not diffusible - Bound to large negatively charged molecules like albumin Large and charged -> can’t cross cell membrane. - Not involved in cellular processes

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