Renal Week 2 Mcq Questions Study Guide

RENAL WEEK 2 MCQ QUESTIONS STUDY GUIDE 1. Which of the following statements is FALSE about renal blood glomerular filtration? A. 20% of the cardiac output goes to the kidney B. Blood from afferent arteriole is formed when blood passes through the glomerular capillary endothelial cell C. Glomerular filtration is dependent on starling forces D. A normal GFR should be at least 120 ml/minute Answer: D 2. Low dose aspirin: A. B. C. D. E. Afferent the kidney more than what it affects the platelets Affects the platelets more than what it affects the kidney Increases thromboxane levels Affects prostacyclin more than thromboxane None of the above Answer: B 3. Which of the following is FALSE about diuretics? A. B. C. D. Block Na/K/2Cl co-transporter The macula densa cells are unaffected by this drug class Affects the autoregulatory response Prevents the formation of a medullary gradient Answer: B 4. Recovery from acute tubular necrosis: A. B. C. D. Requires no more than 4 weeks Some patients may require renal replacement therapy On a histology slide flattened tubule cells are seen due to the tubule being concentrated Microscopically you can see the proximal convoluted cells being red due to the low metabolism E. All of the above Answer: B 5. All of the following are microvascular diseases of the kidney EXCEPT: A. B. C. D. E. Atherosclerosis Takayasu’s arteritis Fibromuscular dysplasia Medullary sponge kidney Renal artery stenosis Answer: d 6. Which of the following is FALSE about fibromuscular dysplasia? A. B. C. D. E. Affects more women than men The carotid artery may be affected Presents with primary hypertension On angiogram appears as a string of pearls Stenting is a possible treatment Answer: E • Explanation: angioplasty is a possible treatment not stenting!!!!! 7. All of the following cause a pre-renal acute kidney injury EXCEPT: A. B. C. D. Urinary tract obstruction Hypovolemic shock Infection Myocardial infarction Answer: A 8. When there is an intrinsic damage to renal structures, the following is not TRUE: A. Clinical manifestations vary according to which renal tissues are injured B. Often requires dialysis C. Rapidly reversible D. All of the above Answer: C 9. The active absorption of dietary calcium involves: A. B. C. D. E. Paracellular transport TPV6 channel on the basolateral side of the membrane Involves the transcellular pathway Occurs in the distal jejunum Occurs throughout the length of the intestine Answer: D 10. Which of the following is FALSE about bone calcium handling? A. Most of the body calcium enters the bon as hydroxyapatite B. Bone is calcium reservoir involved in maintain a normal plasma ionised calcium concentration C. PTH and calcitriol are essential hormones for maintain calcium concentration D. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts play a role in calcium reservoir E. C and D Answer: A 11. Which of the following statements is FALSE: A. B. C. D. E. Only ionised/free calcium can be filtered through the glomerulus PTH is secreted by the parathyroid glands Calcium sensing receptors on parathyroid cells control PTH secretion The biosynthetic process of PTH takes 2 – 4 hours Calcium regulates the synthesis, release and degradation of PTH Answer: D 12. The effect of vitamin D on calcium does NOT involve: A. Increases the expression of TRPV6 and PMCA1b to increase intestinal absorption of Ca2+ B. Increases the reabsorption of calcium in the proximal collecting duct and collecting duct C. Increases calcium release from skeletal stores D. Increases the expression of TRPV5 and calbindin-D28k in the nephron for calcium reabsorption E. None of the above Answer: B 13. Which of the following is involved in the filtration slit? A. B. C. D. Intercalated A cells Intercalated B cells Podocytes Mesangial cells Answer: C 14. In nephritic diseases you may find: A. B. C. D. E. Oliguria Hypotension Retention of nitrogenous diseases Active urine sediment Hypolipidemia Answer: A 15. A diffuse renal pathology means: A. A lesion involving the entire glomerulus B. A lesion involving only some glomeruli C. A lesion involving all or most the glomeruli D. Proliferating cells are located in the mesangium E. Proliferating cells in the Bowman’s space Answer: C 16. Class III Focal Lupus involves: A. B. C. D. E. Minimal proteinuria, normal creatine Microscopic haematuria/ proteinuria Haematuria, proteinuria some HT Haematuria, and proteinuria, most serve Nephrotic syndrome Answer: C 17. Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. According to the cortico-papillary osmolar gradient the papilla is hyperosmolar compared to the renal cortex B. One of the requirements of the kidney to concentrate urine is that the ADH must be doing its’ function correctly C. For the kidney to be able to dilute urine the renal medullary interstium must be hyperosmolar D. The counter-current multiplication serves as one of the ways the medullary interstium maintains its’ osmolarity E. In a healthy 70kg adult, when the fluids become hyper-osmolar the osmolarity of the excreted wastes remains the same Answer: D - Explanation: Counter-current multiplication produces the medullary interstium osmolarity, what maintains it is the vasa recta 18. The osmolarity in most parts of the body is about: A. B. C. D. E. 200 mosm/L 300 mosm/L 400 mosm/L 500 mosm/L 600 mosm/L Answer: B 19. Why does diabetes increase the risk of cystitis? A. B. C. D. E. Loss of protective flora of the vagina. Immune suppression and thus decreased phagocytosis. Causes urinary stasis and thus bacteria have more potential to colonise. Provides nutrients for bacteria. Kills competitors. Answer: B 20. All of the following organs are affected in Sjogren’s Syndrome EXCEPT: A. B. C. D. Lacramal glands Salivary glands Kidneys Bladder Answer: D