University:
York University
Course:
NURSING 2534 | Pathophysiology
Academic year:

2023
Views:

357

Pages:

9
Author:

Niklas

ONCOLOGY 4cancer v Etiology: Idiopathic v Probable Cause: 1. Genetic Theory: Congenital /Hereditary 2. Mutation Theory: mutation 2° carcinogen exposure @→ cancer = T Metabolism (Rapidly-Dividing) v Problem: →Body regulates # oF cells (has max #) LT# T proliferation 4 speed of growth › speed of destruction → Necrosis in Cancer L dead @ cell → x food lenergy → Neoplasm UNew cells → Hyperplasia 41 # oF cells d organ Fxn 2° to necrosis * Vital Organs * Metastasis le Spread to other organs 1. Brain 2. LUngS -can be 2° to breast cancer 3. Kidney Organ Failure J.→if vital organ DEATH 4. Liver Lif affectedstOr needs ble cancer has tOr consumption 40 compensates -THR = cardiomegaly → Cardiac Arrest V Types Benign v Painless v Movable (Encapsulated) v I manifestations or SISx v * Metastatic J- oma → Tumor Malignant v Painful v Fixed (x capsule) VT SISX V (+) Metastasis V Malignant, Invasive, Metastatic / Classification + stages I. TNM classification T- tumor N→ lymph nodes M+ metastasis Xanot assessed 2. Stages I= Survival→ 80-90% = Good Prognosis V In situ(localized): original organ V TiNo Mo → only localized V Operable + Resectable lentore cancer apart only (for study) I= Survival→ 50% (1 5%) = Fair Prognosis VInitial Lymph Node Involvement V TaNiMo v Operabie + Resectable Ill: Survival→ 20% ($5%) V Multiple Lymph Nodes= Distal V TaN2 Mo v Operabie + Non-Resectable Le prevents metastasis IV= Survival→ 15% J (+) Metastasis V ToNs M1-indicate organ J * operable + x resectable *Terminal= incurable → Goal: Palliative = comfort 4 5x mgt. → Goal: Happiness oF Px → Hospice Care= Nurse → Grieving:2° loss (amt.oF grieving: amt-oF1055) (Kubler= ROSs) * Stages of Grief D- denial = disbelief A-anger: directed to self + others B-bargaining - exchange-T being (God) D-depression «tenergy at svicide A-acceptance= ambivalence (void of feelings) VRisk Factors → HI CANCERS H-hereditary + Hx=10-15% → All cancers congenital "Family → personal I-infections location (All) V TBIPneumonia = Lungs v Mastitis: Breast warts V STI= Reproductive Cancer /Gastritis= Gastric Ca JEpstein-Barr Virus < Hadopiaryngeal C-carcino diet (All) V Fried + Grilled V TFat, TSugar, 1 Fiber V Processed + Preserved -Nitrates +Nitrites V Artificial Food → softdrinks →junkfood V GMO: Genetically Modified Organisms "plants Lanimals /chemicals, hormone, DNA manipulation A - Age → #1 risk Factor all) + Tage =TT exposure * young: → leukemia * Cancer + cause oF death+ 3rd