University:
York University
Course:
NURSING 2534 | Pathophysiology
Academic year:

2024
Views:

386

Pages:

4
Author:

customer-8504450

WEEK 1 - ADULT Textbook Readings Chapter 71: Emergency Care Situations (pp. 1776-1780) Initial Assessment and Management Primary Survey (ABCDE) : A irway with Cervical Spine Stabilization: Ensure the airway is open and protected. Use techniques like jaw-thrust maneuver if spinal injury is suspected. B reathing: Assess for adequate ventilation, listen for breath sounds, and check for signs of respiratory distress. Provide supplemental oxygen as needed. C irculation: Monitor heart rate, blood pressure, and assess for signs of shock. Manage bleeding and establish intravenous access for fluid resuscitation. D isability: Perform a quick neurological assessment using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) to determine the level of consciousness and neurological function. E xposure: Fully expose the patient to identify injuries or conditions while preventing hypothermia. Keep the patient warm. Secondary Survey : Conduct a thorough head-to-toe assessment and obtain a detailed medical history after initial stabilization. Identify and treat non-life-threatening injuries and conditions. Include a focused assessment based on the patient's presenting symptoms and mechanism of injury. Table 71.3: Emergency Management of Common Conditions Airway Obstruction : Signs : Stridor, inability to speak, cyanosis. Interventions : Clear the airway using suction or Heimlich maneuver for conscious patients. For unconscious patients, perform CPR and use airway adjuncts as necessary. Anaphylaxis : Signs : Rapid onset of swelling, urticaria, difficulty breathing, hypotension. Interventions : Administer epinephrine immediately, provide oxygen, and give antihistamines and corticosteroids. Monitor for signs of progression or recurrence. Cardiac Arrest : Signs : Absence of pulse and respiration, unresponsiveness. Interventions : Initiate CPR without delay. Apply a defibrillator if indicated and follow advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) protocols. Shock (various types such as hypovolemic, cardiogenic, septic): Signs : Tachycardia, hypotension, altered mental status, cool and clammy skin. Interventions : Identify the type of shock and treat accordingly (e.g., administer IV fluids for hypovolemic shock, use vasopressors for septic shock). Provide oxygen and monitor vital signs closely. Chest Pain (Suspected Myocardial Infarction) : Signs : Severe chest pain, nausea, diaphoresis, radiating pain. Interventions : Administer aspirin , nitroglycerin , and oxygen . Prepare for potential thrombolytics or coronary intervention as per guidelines. Table 71.4: Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) Eye Opening (E) : 4: Spontaneous 3: To verbal stimuli 2: To pain 1: None Verbal Response (V) : 5: Oriented 4: Confused conversation 3: Inappropriate words 2: Incomprehensible sounds 1: None Motor Response (M) : 6: Obeys commands 5: Localizes pain 4: Withdraws from pain 3: Abnormal flexion 2: Abnormal extension 1: None Interpretation : 13-15 : Mild impairment 9-12 : Moderate impairment 3-8 : Severe impairment