University:
York University
Course:
NURSING 2534 | Pathophysiology
Academic year:

2023
Views:

173

Pages:

3
Author:

Niklas

CARDIOVASCULAR ANAPHY structure dictates Fon 1. Human Heart ANA ✓cone-shaped ✓Fist-sized 13009 RB boot-shaped-tetralogy or Fallot hallmark sisx hypertrophy/cardiomegaly Tsize of heart hyperplasia+Tcells • De demands lept-sided pain MI& Angina Os probs LVHPMI-GICS Midaxillary Line Displaced PMI pailure + strength to pump ✓center of thorax tilted slightly towards è left mitral &LVT pressure Tpulse location of valve &LVS St strongest muscle in 5th ICS MCL→Apex location/PMI-1 cardiac puise ✓Center of e thorax ✓ Within e Mediastinum ✓ Bone Protection: 1. Sternum 2. Intercostal cartilages→↑ resistance ↓ Fractures 3. Ribs PHYSIO 1. Deliver Oz to blood all parts of body Phases of cardiac cycle: 1. Systole ventricular contraction ejects blood 2. Diastole relaxation Filling ✓Stroke volume amt. blood ejected by/heartbeat LN: 70mL ✓ cardiac output amt. blood ejected by /min. 6:4-6 L/min. LAYERS 1. Endocardium innerlines & valves stenosis Failure to open properly prolapse ballooning 2.Myocardium muscular layer → MI, Anging 3. Epicardium → outer layer sac that encases membrane Le aka visceral pericardium ✓ Visceral Pericardium inner, covers viscera Pericardial Fluid protects + lubricates (30mL) ✔ Parietal Pericardium outer CHAMBERS + VALVES I. LAV- Oz blood Atrium minor pump 2. RAV→X02 blood ventricles major pump VALVES prevents backflow of blood 2 Atrioventricular atrium-ventricle Tricuspid R. atrium R. ventricle $1 Bicuspid L. atrium L.ventricle } Club) Limore commonly affected by diseases 2 Semilunar ventricle - major artery Pulmonic/ Pulmonary R. ventricle artery 52 Aortic Liventricle Aorta BLOOD FLOW →x02 Lvein ↓ superionbrain, Fact inferior tract, 4 sim vena cava ↓ R. atrium tricuspid R. ventricle Pulmo. artery pulmoni valve ' } (dub) Cardiac Tamponade 4730ml + peri Fluid 41 contraction+ relaxation A * murmurs Ab wooshing Lavalvvlar ds. sshdub Av ds. lub sehSLds. artery aorta arterioles aortic capillaries ↓ L. ventricles bicuspid Gas Exchange ↓ L. atrium T RO 02 L pulmonic vein vein Lungs Oz ↓ Gas Exchange RIGHT-SIDED FAILURE 1. Systemic venous congestion 2. Hepatomegaly 3. Splenomegaly 4. Pitting edema 5. Jugular vein distention LEFT-SIDED FAILURE 1. dyspnea Respi 2. cough 3. crackles 4. pulmonary edema 5. Frothy sputum CORONARY ARTERIES Lo provides 02 to, branches of aorta → receives blood during diastole THROz/blood in angina 1. Left main coronary artery Lo most common site of obstruction → supplies side ↳ Left Anterior Descending Artery } supplies LV Lم PIM Aorta Right Coronary Artery Left Main Coronary Artery -Circumflex Coronary Artery 2. Right main coronary artery Lo supplies Right side Supplies SA main electrical Coronary Arteries Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery 3. Circumplex artery L↳ supplies some parts of Front lateral, back encircles CARDIAC CONDUCTION SYSTEM ELECTROLYTES movement stimulates cardiac muscle to contract 1. Nat 2.K+ } 3.Ca++ SA node primary pacemaker sinoatrial 60-100 bpm →where electricity will start