University:
York University
Course:
NURSING 2534 | Pathophysiology
Academic year:

2023
Views:

216

Pages:

2
Author:

Niklas

Mitral Valve Stenosis Narrowing of mitral valve Causes: Rheumatic fever, congenital, degeneration, tumors, heart disease Symptoms: Dyspnea, fatigue, angina, syncope, murmur Management: Percutaneous Transluminal Balloon Valvuloplasty (PTBV), valve repair or replacement Mitral Valve Regurgitation Leaking of mitral valve Causes: Rheumatic fever, mitral valve prolapse, coronary artery disease, infective endocarditis, cardiomyopathy Symptoms: Fatigue, dyspnea, palpitations, atrial fibrillation, heart failure Management: Medical therapy, PTBV, valve repair or replacement Aortic Stenosis Narrowing of aortic valve Causes: Congenital, degeneration, rheumatic heart disease, syphilis Symptoms: Syncope, angina, dyspnea, exertional murmur Management: Valve replacement Aortic Valve Regurgitation Leaking of aortic valve Causes: Dilated aortic root, bicuspid aortic valve, endocarditis, syphilis, Marfan syndrome Symptoms: Syncope, angina, dyspnea, diastolic murmur Management: Valve replacement Percutaneous Transluminal Balloon Valvuloplasty (PTBV) Less invasive procedure Risks: Bleeding, embolism, aneurysm Postoperative precautions: Bed rest, anticoagulants Valve Repair Surgery Repairing a valve Types: Mechanical, biological Mechanical: Longer lifespan, anticoagulation Biological: Less durable, no anticoagulation, animal or human tissue Cardiomyopathy: Disease of the myocardium 1. Dilated: Causes: Viral myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, LIH Evaluation: X-ray, echo, ECG, heart cath Management: Treat HF 2. Hypertrophic: Thickened, stiffened walls Common cause of sudden death Causes: Genetic, idiopathic Evaluation: Echo, ECG Management: β-blockers, pacemaker 3. Restrictive: Least common Causes: Scleroderma, amyloidosis, sarcoidosis Evaluation: Echo, ECG Management: Avoid CaNS, pacemaker