University:
York University
Course:
NURSING 2534 | Pathophysiology
Academic year:

2023
Views:

493

Pages:

4
Author:

Niklas

Gastrointestinal → FXN: DARE (Digestion, Absorption, Reabsorption, Elimination) → Digestion → Mechanical: Big to Small (Teeth + HCl) → Chemical: Complex to simple (Digestive Enzymes) ↳ CHO: P. Amylase (ptyalin) → sugar ↳ CHON: Pepsin, Trypsin → Amino Acid ↳ Fats: Bile, P. Lipase → Lipids, Triglycerides → Absorption: SI → Nutrients (Simple) ✓ sugar ✓ AR (Amino Acids) ✓ Lipids/Triglycerides ✓ Vit/Minerals Digestion = Absorption → Reabsorption: LI → Fluids + Electrolytes → Elimination: LI, Rectum, Anus ↳ Stool: Anything → Undigested ✓x absorbed ✓ Reabsorbed I.TRACT ↳ MOUTH: breakdown of Food (Big to Small) 1st Digestion AREA (Masticate) ↳ Teeth: Canine = Meat Premolart = Plants Molar * Tongue ✓ Swallowing ✓ Mix food & saliva ✓ Communication * Parotid/Salivary Glands ✓ Saliva Production ↳ Lubrication ↳ Moisture ↳ S. amylase (Ptyalin): CHO → sugar 2. PHARYNX (THROAT) * Naso: Airway * Oro: GI * Laryngo: Airway 3. ESOPHAGUS * Collapsed 1st area: Peristalsis ↳ so air cannot go in/only active when (+) food * Upper Esophageal Sphincter (UES) ✓ Prevent air entry into stomach * Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES)/Cardiac Sphincter ✓ Prevents gastric reflux 4. STOMACH - Hollow → UQ * Expands: 4x * Stores food for 1-2 Hours (>2H → Dispepsia + HCl) * Acidic: pH 1-4 (If Alkaline becomes irritated) * Chyme: food + HCl → liquefy so enzymes can mix easily * Body: chief cells PEPSIN (CHON Digestion) * Antrum: Parietal cells ↳ HCl liquefy food ↳ Intrinsic Factor: Vit. B12 Absorption (cyanocobalamin) ↳ pernicious anemia - B12 (IF) * Pylorus = Pyloric sphincter ↳ regulates food passage (stomach → SI) Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) = N flora in stomach ↳ stimulates HCl production if (+) other bacteria Blood Stool (H/C) = BLACK TARRY ↳ if ↑↑ H. pylori → THCl-PUD Peritonitis: Stenk-like ↳ Rigid, Board-like ↳ Steroids ↳ Cancer Tx 5. SI: Digestion + Absorption P. Amylase P. Lipase P. Trypsin + Duodenum (Longest) = Common Bile Duct ↳ Bile in Blood → Jaundice ↳ From obstruction ↳ From bile stones BILE: BILIRUBIN Biliary tree ↳ Cholelithiasis = Cholecystitis * Jejunum * Ileum + Vit. B12 Absorption * Goblet cells production of mucus (= sputum) ↳ Esophagus → Rectum 6. CECUM: between SI & LI ↳ Ileocecal Valve → ILO: Loudest Bowel Sounds (Borborygmi) 5-30 sounds/min ↳ Appendix: vestigial organ ↳ Inflammation → Rupture → Peritonitis (Rigid Abdomen) ↳ earliest sign: fever + ↑ WBC ↳ Leukocytosis Hepatic Duct