All About Blood Cells Notes

BLOOD CELLS RBCs (Erythrocytes) ✓ Fxn: Delivers O₂ through hemoglobin (hgb) → O₂ carrying capacity of 8 hgb → Anemia: F < 12g/dL, M < 13g/dL ✓ Origin: Myeloid → Kidneys → erythropoietin (EPO) → EPO → bone marrow → erythroblast → erythroblast → reticulocyte → erythrocyte ✓ Lifespan: 120 days Jaundice → ↓ heme → ↑ bilirubin → ↓ albumin → ↓ binding → liver fxning → ↑ unconjugated bilirubin → liver obstruction → ↑ conjugated bilirubin → bile → GB → SI → LI → stool, urine ✓ Morphology: → appearance → biconcave → smooth → flexible → sickle-cell 2. WBCs (Leukocytes) Myeloid Granulocytes Agranulocytes Baso Eosino Neutro Monocytephil phil phil Macrophages allergies parasite eating ✓ Granulocytes 1. Basophils - blue stain → Allergic Rxns IgE → Basophils → Mast cells → HISTAMINE → iFT: Basophil Leukemia → Usually low → to block: antihistamine (diphenhydramine) → steroids (hydrocortisone, prednisone) 2. Eosinophils - red stain → Fight helminthic (parasites) → iFT: Eosinophilia 3. Neutrophil - pink stain → phagocyte → acute inflammation → Steroids → NSAIDs prostaglandin BLOCKS cytokines PGE2, TNF, IL vaso- irritate dilator nerve permeability TBV ↓ pain ↑ Blood volume Redness inflammation/edema **Heat, Loss** **of Fxn** ✓ **Agranulocytes** **1. Macrophage:** → monocyte → macrophage → phagocyte → antigen-presenting cell → location: tissues; liver Kupffer cells → bridges innate immunity to adaptive immunity → chronic inflammation: TB → stronger ✓ **Lymphoid** **production** **Lymphoid** **production: Bone Marrow** **maturation** **maturation: THYMUS** **B cell** **T cell** **Plasma** **cytotoxic** **aegu** **Anti** **4004/** **Form** **bodies/** **CPR** **Igs** **1. B cells → Plasma Cell → Ab/Ig** **a. Memory B cells → antigen recognition** → specific, targeted response **2. T cells** **a. Helper T cells → maturation, activation, production of Ab** → HIV targets T cells → CD4+ < 200 WBCs AIDS (complication) **b. Cytotoxic/Cytolytic T cells → direct cell killing** → cytokines inflammation → COVID-19 → Cytotoxic + **meds: Dexamethasone** ARDS (Diffuse Alveolar Pne.) ↑cytokines → ↑ inflammation, cytokine storm → ↑ inflammation, THEO in alveoli