Psychology Answer Note #17

Question 1 In a similar experiment to question #2, ten participants were given a mental performance test in a stressful situation. The participants were then trained in stress reduction techniques and given the same test again. In an amazing coincidence, the participants received identical scores as the two groups of participants described in question #2 above. The researcher wants to know if the training impacted the mental performance scores. What hypothesis test should I use? Answer In a similar experiment to question Question 2 In a similar experiment to question #2, ten participants were given a mental performance test in a stressful situation. The participants were then trained in stress reduction techniques and given the same test again. In an amazing coincidence, the participants received identical scores as the two groups of participants described in question #2 above. Compose an alternative hypothesis to accompany the test. Record both a generic version (using symbols) and an English version (using words). Answer In a similar experiment to question Question 3 Habits decrease memorise ability and effect badly to the brain Answer There is a widely held belief that habits can have a negative impact on our memory ability and overall brain function. However, the answer to this question is not a simple yes or no. In fact, the relationship between habits and memory is complex and multifaceted. To truly understand this topic, we must turn to academic sources and research in the field of cognitive psychology. Firstly, it is important to define what we mean by "habits". According to the American Psychological Association (APA), habits are "automatic or repeated behaviors that occur in stable contexts, without much conscious thought or deliberation" (Lally, van Jaarsveld, Potts, & Wardle, 2010). These can range from simple actions such as brushing our teeth, to more complex behaviors like studying or exercising. There have been several studies examining the impact of habits on memory function. One study by Wood et al. (2012) found that some habitual behaviors can actually enhance memory performance. They found that individuals who engaged in consistent exercise and healthy eating habits had improved memory and cognitive functioning compared to those who did not have such habits. On the other hand, there is evidence to suggest that certain habits, particularly bad habits, can indeed have a negative impact on memory ability. For example, a study by de Bruijn, Kostermans, and Hulshoff Pol (2014) found that excessive alcohol consumption can lead to reduced memory performance and even impair brain function. This is due to the toxic effects of alcohol on brain cells and neurotransmitter systems, which are crucial for memory formation and retrieval. In addition to the impact of habits on memory ability, there is also evidence that habits can alter brain structure and function. A study by Sasaki, Yokoyama, and Nomura (2017) found that highly habitual behaviors are associated with changes in the brain's gray matter volume, particularly in the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as memory and decision making. So, while some habits may have a positive impact on memory, it is clear that others can indeed have a negative effect on brain function and structure. It is important to note that individual differences and contextual factors must also be taken into consideration when examining the relationship between habits and memory. In conclusion, habits can both positively and negatively affect our memory ability and overall brain function. To fully understand this complex relationship, further research should be conducted, taking into account individual differences, contextual factors, and potential interventions to modify and improve habits for better cognitive functioning. Question 4 How much flexibility exists within a career as a Developmental Psychologist? Answer As a developmental psychologist, there is a significant amount of flexibility in terms of career options and areas of specialization. This field is constantly evolving, with new research and theories emerging, allowing for a diverse and ever-changing range of opportunities for professionals. One of the main ways in which developmental psychologists can exercise flexibility in their careers is through the wide range of settings in which they can work. These may include universities, research institutes, government agencies, non-profit organizations, and private practices. Depending on their interests and strengths, individuals can choose to work in a research-oriented or clinical setting, or a combination of both. Within these settings, developmental psychologists can specialize in a variety of domains, such as cognitive, social, emotional, or physical development, or a specific age group, such as infancy and early childhood, adolescence, or aging. This allows for a great deal of flexibility in tailoring one's career to their unique interests and strengths. Moreover, developmental psychologists can also choose to focus on a particular population or specific issues within a developmental context. This may include working with children with developmental disorders, such as autism or ADHD, or studying the impact of culture, socioeconomic status, or environmental factors on development. In terms of flexibility within the work schedule, developmental psychologists may have the option to work part-time or on a consultancy basis, providing services for specific projects or clients. This allows for a better work-life balance and can accommodate other personal or family commitments. In addition to traditional career paths, developmental psychologists can also explore nontraditional opportunities, such as working in media, consulting for corporations, or pursuing a career in policy and advocacy. These alternative routes not only provide a chance to utilize their skills in different ways, but also offer a more flexible and dynamic work environment. Question 5 How do you define success? What are the factors do you consider in achieving it? Cite examples Answer Success can be defined in various ways as it can mean different things to different people. However, for me, success is the achievement of goals, both personal and professional, that leads to personal fulfillment and overall happiness. It is not just about reaching a certain level of wealth or fame, but it also includes personal growth and making a positive impact on others. One of the key factors that I consider in achieving success is hard work and determination. In order to achieve my goals, I believe that I need to put in the time and effort to constantly improve myself and work towards my objectives. Additionally, having a strong sense of discipline and being able to prioritize my tasks has been essential in my journey towards success. Another important factor is having a clear vision and setting specific, achievable goals. Success cannot be defined without having a clear direction and purpose. By setting goals, I am able to have a roadmap to success and work towards it in a more focused manner. This also helps me to stay motivated and on track, as I can see the progress I am making towards my ultimate goal. Furthermore, being open to learning and continuous self-improvement is crucial in achieving success. In today's world, where things are constantly evolving, it is important to keep up with the changing times and acquire new knowledge and skills. This not only helps me to stay relevant but also enables me to perform better in my academic and professional pursuits. Success also heavily relies on one's ability to overcome obstacles and persevere in the face of challenges. I have learned that setbacks and failures are inevitable on the path to success. However, it is important to not let them discourage me and instead use them as learning experiences to push harder and keep moving forward. Finally, I believe that success is not complete without giving back to society. Making a positive impact on others and contributing towards the betterment of society brings a sense of fulfillment and satisfaction that cannot be achieved through personal achievements alone. As a college student, I have actively participated in various volunteering and community service activities, which have not only helped me develop as a person but also made me feel successful in a different aspect. In conclusion, success is a combination of hard work, determination, clear vision, continuous learning, resilience, and giving back to society. It is an ever-evolving and personal journey that requires constant effort and dedication. As college students, it is important for us to not only strive for academic achievements but also work towards personal growth and making a positive impact on others.