University:
Seton Hall University
Course:
PSYC1219AA | Sports Psychology
Academic year:

2024
Views:

488

Pages:

2
Author:

Andrea B.

Aggression  Any form of behavior directed towards the goal of earning or injuring another living being who is motivated to avoid such treatment. Hostile aggression- primary goal is to inflict injury or harm onto someone else. Instrumental aggression- any form of aggression that occurs in the quest of a non-aggressive goal.  In boxing hitting someone in the face is instrumental and hitting at the back is hostile How to get rid of aggression  Penalties What causes aggression? Instinct theory- people have an instinct to be aggressive which builds up until it must be expressed. Frustration aggression theory- aggression is the direct result of frustration. Social learning theory- people learn to be aggressive by observing others who model particular behaviors. They get positive reinforcement for exhibiting the same behavior. Revised frustration aggression theory- frustration doesn’t always lead to aggression but increases the likelihood of aggression and you will see aggression when they have learned socially that it is acceptable. Cognitive theory ^ General aggression model- hard to predict when aggressive is going to show up because it is a mix of several factors including negative emotions, frustration, anger. Also has to do with your personality and social environment. Special consideration for aggression in sports Spectators- as the game gets more aggressive do the fans get aggressive? More like when the game is boring the fans get aggressive. Game reasoning- think of your aggressiveness in sports differently than anywhere else. Injuries- if all your star players are hurt the less interesting the sport will be. General athletic performance- when you allow more aggression in sports you bring in different athletes like enforcers in hockey. Coaches sets the norms for team. When is aggressive more likely to occur? 1. Losing 2. Frustration 3. Bad officiating How do we modify these things? 1. Cultural atmosphere a leader creates How do we teach appropriate behavior? 1. What do I do when I have aggression 2. Reinforce behavior How do we control spectator behavior? 1. 2. 3. 4. Control assumption of alcohol Penalize spectator’s Officials who don’t tolerate bad aggression Work with the media