Excretory System of Human Being: Structure of Kidney

L.Q Excretory System of Human Being STRUCTURE OF KIDNEY: Introduction:- Excretion is a Physio chemical Process in which the nitrogenous waste Product eliminate from the animal bodly to refuzate the Composition of the bodly bereidl and tissue. Hamans are ureoteric mode of excretion. The main excretory Structure of human being's are one pair of kidneys, besides kidney minore role in excretion are also played by Rung's, Liver and skin. Excretory system of man consists of kidney, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra Kidney:- These are one Pair of bean shaped, dark ned coloured Structure. Human kidney is metanephric in origin. Location:- → They are situated in the anterior part of the abdominal coelom one on either sidle of the vertebral column. → They are asymmetrical in Position ie the right kidney is Present a little behind than the left kidney Measurement:- + Each Kidney is a small compact Structure. + gt measures about 10 cm long, 5 cm widle and 3 cm thick. → It's weight is about 125 gm to 170 gm. Structure of Kidney → Each kidney Coreng, Bymeans of a fibrous Capsular Connective Rissue called menal capsule →98 Protects the kidney from internal Griction and injury.y → Around the capsule there if a layer of bat covering membrane called renal boscia → It Protects the kidney and also theeps in it's attachement with abdominal wall. → the outer surface of kidney is convex and the inner surface is concave bearing a depression calledl thilus. →Through the thilus, renal artery and ner nerve enter the kidney and renar veins and cureter leave the kidney Internal Structure:- Aventical on longitudinal section of Kidney shows the presence of two clean Zones the outer Peripheral zone is Light in colocan gf is called nenal cortex. The inner cortical Zone is lark med in Colour. It is called renal medulla. → The medulla is divided into 14 to 16 Conical Structure callell nenaz Pyramids, having theree broad base towards the Cortex → These structure contain rich blood supply and contain the long loop of nephrons. and vasa recta (capillary network around these 2000$) → Apex of each pyramidl is called Papilla, each papilla is associatell with a tubular Structure called calyx (Calyces). These calyces open into renal Pervis. →The rienal Pelvis leads into the cereter → The space between two near by pyramid is occupied a mass of coretical Hissue called column of Bertini kidney has about 10 Lakh Structural 1. and bunctional units called nephrong on uriniferous tubules Nephriones manufacture urine andl dlrain into many collecting duet. These duct's opens into duct of Berini. which open into Papillae of pyramids from Papillae the urine goes to resal calyces and then to peeris. From Pelvis it is send to wreler and finally to the Cerinary bladder Diagram: R. Fascia R-Capsule R. Contex Pyramid Hilus R. Papilla column of Bertini calyces (vis of kidney) Ureters:- 91 is a narrow, whitish, tubular 1 Structure arises from the pervis of lach Kidney running backwand along the albdominal wall to open into the cerinary braddler. → Each ureter is about 25 to 30 cm in length + It consists of transitional epitheriun →gf carry urine from the Kidneys to the urinary bladlller Urinary bladden →ge is a pear shaped musculare, sac like Structure Present in Lower abdomen → the muscle layer of the urinary bladder Containe the muscle + The opening of urinary bladden and Curethra sprinter, which candler go. voluntary control + → 9t serves to stone urine Remporarily. Urethra:- → 9A is a felbular structure which arises from bladder and leads to exteriorn Through this structure urine is eliminated 10 out sidle → on temale, urethra is shorit and carries oney urine. Y gn mate, urethra is much longer opens out of the tip of the penis by carcinogenital aperature. ✓ Nephrons (uriniferous tubules) and (Functional unit atsidney):- Struchi m Nephrons ane the functional unit of kidney Each Kidney of an adult human being's contain about 1.2 million nephrong. These ane actually blood filtering unit, which forms the wrine. Two types of nephron's have been recognised. Condicaz nephron This nephrons are Present in Conten region of the kidney, onzy a very Small Pondion of these nephron may Penetrate the medalla. Juntamedullary nephrons:- This nephrong ane present of the junction of Contex and medalla Structure of nephnons:- following parts. The nephrons consists of Malpighias corpusuе Proximal convoluted tulbule... Hente's Loop ① Distol, convoluted tubule. Collecting dutt Malpighian compuscee of consists of two Structure- @Bowman's capsure- Y the free end of nephrion becomes a cup like structine called Bowman's Capsule + 9f has two layer he visceral and Parietal → visceral cayen is the innen zayen and Parietar Layer is the oufer Layen. ↑ The visceral Layer also contain special cell called Podocytes which helps in the ultrafiltration of Bl001 Día:- Ebbenent antenicle Bowman's capsule Tubulan Lumen Glomerulus +Panielol Layen Abbenent antenicle visceral cayer Glomerulus: → It is a network of capillaries which Lies in the outer cavity of hor Sowman's Capsule → The capillaries ane formell by the branching of atterent nenal antenoice, that supplies Blood to nephrions and efferent renal ateriole that Leaves the glomerular carity B Proximal convoluted bulbule → the portion of nephric Aubules after the bowman's capsule is canell Proximal Convoluted Acablule → It is Lined internally with epithelial cell of pyramidal shape with a typical Brush bondlere which greatly increases the surface area of cell for reabsorbtion of substances like glucose, Sodium, amino acidl andl water ete from tubular Lumen. C Henze's zoop: - 98 consists of two parts Descending Limb:- → It is calledl descendling limb because it runs down wand Ly It if veny then and Permeable to water. → 9t narrows in the then LooIP of hesse's. a to form medulla to a Ascendling Limb: → the roop of hente's again muss upwards to form an ascendling limb → If is thick and impermeable to water D Distal convoluted Aufures: → It is the last portion of the nephric Aubules... → The ascending limb which is Continued as the distal convolutell Auburel which comes very close to Bowman's capsule and almost passes through the gap between afterrent and etterent arteride. Collecting duet:- y the distal convoluted tubules centain continues as a collecting Aubure and finally opens into a collecting dheet. → If recieves the tubular filtrate from many nephrons, associateoff with it. Many collecting-ducts open into a luct of belline which opens into nenat Pyramid negion. → The pyramidl, are associatell with renat cazyces which finally pour the urine into the Pervis, where from it is given to the uretere. - Juxta glomerular apparatus gn each nephron their exists a group of different structure like medulla densa, juxta glomerulan cell, lactis cells, which is collectively known as junta glomerulare apparatus. → gf produces hormone rennin and there by maintance the sodium cone? in blood. Cortecting duet - the distal convoluted tubules contain continues as a collecting Aubure and finally opens into a collecting duet. → If recieves the tubular filtrate from many nephrions, associated with it. → Many collecting-chicts open into a luct of beltzine which opens into nenat Pyramid negion. → The pyramids are associatell with renat calyces which finally pour the wrine into the Pervis, where from it if given to the ureter. TOR Juxta glomerulan apparatus:- 9n each nephron their exists a group of different structure like medulla densa, juxta glomerular cell, lactis cells, which is collectively paratus. known as junta glomerulare apparatus. → 9f produces hormone rennin andl there by maintance the sodium cone? in blood.