Pancreatic juice together with bile enters the duodenum through the papilla valesion near the pylorus. Pancreatic juices and bile are alkaline in nature changes the pH of food from the stomach (chyme) which is acidic to alkaline. This is important for the enzyme activity of pancreatic juice and intestinal juice. Pancreatic juice has a pH of around 7.5-8.0 or higher. 1. Composition of Pancreatic Sap Pancreatic juice is a thin fluid that mostly consists of water and about 1.5% solids. The solid substances in pancreatic juice consist of: proteins, organic and inorganic compounds. The main inorganic substance is Na+ ,K+ HCO3- 2- andSO42-., and Cl– and a little Ca2+, Zn2+, HPO4 , Sap enzymes pancreas are trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase, ÿ-amylase, lipase, ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease, cholesterol esterase, and collagenase. Some pancreatic juice enzymes are synthesized in the form of zymogens, for example trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, and procarboxypeptidase. Trypsinogen is activated into trypsin by enterokinase, an enzyme formed by intestinal glands, becomes trypsin and autocatalyzes. 2. Pancreatic Sap Enzymes a. Trypsin and Kimotrypsin These two enzymes break down the proteins, proteoses and peptones that come from them from the stomach, into polypeptides. Chymotrypsin capabilities coagulates milk more strongly than trypsin. b. Peptidase Peptidase found in pancreatic juice is procarboxypeptidase, aminopeptidase, and dipeptidase. Mixture This peptidase is called erepsin. Polyptides resulting from trypsin digestion and Chymotrypsin will be further broken down by erepsin into acids amino acids so they can be absorbed. Carboxypeptidase is a Zn2+ -containing exopeptidase works on the peptide bond at the end of the carboxyl group, meanwhile Dipeptidase works to hydrolyze the peptide bond between amino acids. c. Amylase Pancreatic amylase is ÿ-amylase (amylopsin). The work is similar salivary amylase, which hydrolyzes starch into maltose at pH optimum 7.1. d. Lipase Pancreatic lipase (steapsin) works to hydrolyze fat into fatty acids, glycerol, monoglycerides and diglycerides. Steapsin specifically hydrolyzes the primary ester bonds of triacylglycerol, namely at positions 1 and 3. Steapsin works on already experienced fat emulsification in the intestine. e. Cholesterol esterase This enzyme hydrolyzes cholesterol esters into cholesterol and acids fats, as well as catalyzing the esterification of cholesterol with fatty acids, depending on the reaction balance. According to Goodman, in the intestines hydrolysis of cholesterol esters occurs. Free cholesterol is produced then absorbed. f. Ribonuclease (RN-ase) and Deoxyribonuclease (DN-ase) Ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease each work breaks down ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) become nucleotides. Note: the pancreatic extract used in this experiment was obtained by destroying the remaining cow's pancreatic tissue fresh, then mashed with 25% alcohol. This mix left at room temperature for 2 days, then centrifuged. The clear liquid in the upper layer of the centrifuge is taken and neutralized against litmus.