Microscopic Examination of Feats

PRACTICUM V MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF FEATS Method : Microscopy of feces Principle : The diluent solution will provide color to the background behind it and provides dirt that sticks to the parasites so they are easy to distinguish Because pathological elements are usually not evenly distributed, the results of a microscopic examination cannot be assessed precisely for the degree of positivity, simply marking – (negative), (+), (++), (+++) only. Microscopic examination includes examination of protozoa, worm eggs, leukocytes, erythocytes, epithelial cells, crystals, macrophages and yeast cells. Of all these examinations, the most important is the examination for protozoa and worm eggs. A. Protozoa Usually found in the form of cysts, if the stool consistency is liquid, then trophozoites are found. B. Worm eggs Worm eggs that may be obtained are:Ascaris lumbricoides, Necator americanus, Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris trichiura, Strongyloides stercoralis etc. C. Leukocytes Under normal circumstances, some leukocytes can be seen in all preparations. In bacillary dysentery, ulcerative colitis and inflammation, there is an increase in the number of leukocytes. Eosinophils may be found in the mucoid stools of sufferers with digestive tract allergies. To make it easier to observe leukocytes, 1 drop of 10% acetic acid can be added to 1 drop of fecal emulsion on a glass object. D. Erythrocytes Erythrocytes are only visible if there are lesions in the colon, rectum or anus. Meanwhile, if the localization is more proximal, the erythrocytes have been destroyed. The presence of erythrocytes in the stool always means they are abnormal. E. Epithelium Under normal circumstances, several epithelial cells can be found, namely those originating from the distal intestinal wall. Epithelial cells originating from the proximal part are rarely seen because these cells are usually damaged. The number of epithelial cells increases if there is stimulation or inflammation of the distal intestinal wall. F. Crystal Crystals in stool don't mean much. In normal feces you may see crystals of triple phosphate, calcium oxalate and fatty acids. Triple phosphate and calcium oxalate crystals are obtained after eating spinach or strawberries, while fatty acid crystals are obtained after eating a lot of fat. As an abnormality, crystals may be foundCharcoat LeydenFeces, starch granules and hematoidin crystals. CrystalCharcoat Leydenfound in digestive tract ulcers such as those caused by amoebiasis. In gastrointestinal bleeding, hematoidin crystals may be found. G. Macrophages Large single-nucleated cells with phagocytic power, in their cytoplasm you can often see bacteria other than erythrocytes, leukocytes. The shape resembles an amoeba but does not move. H. Yeast cells SpecialBlastocystis hominisrarely found. The importance of knowing its structure is so that it is not mistaken for an amoeba cyst I. KOH Inspection Fungus A KOH examination is a stool examination using a KOH (potassium hydroxide) solution to detect the presence of fungus, while a routine stool examination is a stool examination which is usually carried out using a Lugol. To differentiate between candida in normal conditions and candidiasis, in candidiasis, apart from the symptoms of candidiasis, from the results of the examination you can find pseudohyphae forms which are an invasive form of candida in stool preparations. Tools and materials: - Urine Pot - Lidi - Microscope - Object glass - Glasa deck - Lugol/eosin 2% Ways of working: 1. Place 1-2 drops of 2% lugol/eosin solution on the glass object 2. Using a clean stick, take the feces and then spread it onto the 2% lugol/ eosin solution on the glass object. 3. Then the object glass is covered with a deck glass 4. The preparation is examined under a microscope with an objective lens of 10x and 40x magnification