Respiration Mechanism in Human

Respiration Mechanism in Human Due to lung activity lungs No own muscle For contract, but Because septum contraction diaphragm And muscles chest. There is two mechanism Respiratory on man, that is inspiration or inhalation and expiration or exhalation. Efficiency exchange air in lungs supported as is diaphragm, that is something bulkhead muscular shaped dome Which limit chest cavity with cavity stomach. Furthermore, come on We Look how? process inspiration and expiration on tool Respiratory happen! 1. Inspiration And Expiration Inspiration or inhalation known daily as process interesting breath or enter air to in lungs, whereas expiration or exhalation same as exhale air from lungs to outside. Pay attention respiratory mechanism following This! a. Inspiration 1) The muscles between the ribs contract to move the chest cavity so that go on And expand. 2) Diaphragm contract And horizontal. 3) Both mechanisms will increase volume capacity pleura and lower the pressure. 4) Air outside enter to in lungs. b. Expiration 1) Muscle between bones lateral relax and cavity chest down And deflated. 2) Diaphragm relax And curved (the diaphragm is normally curved). 3) Volume in cavity pleura decreases, so the pressure increase. 4) Air to outside from lungs. 2. Volume Air Respiration Lungs can accommodate around 5,000 ml air Which called total capacity lungs. If We breathe normal, volume air Which can go out go in more not enough 500 ml. Air This normal called air tidal . If We interesting deep breath so volume air Which Still can enter around 1,500 ml. This air called air complementary. On the contrary , air supplementary is If we exhale breath as strong as possible Still can emit volume as much air 1,500 ml. It turns out, after We emit air supplementary air volume Which Still remaining in in lungs approximately 1,500 ml. Remainder air This called air residue. Ability lungs emit air as strong as possible and take air as much as possible called with capacity vital lungs. Volume air This more not enough 3,500 ml. You need to remember that not all the air that enters the lungs is used in process exchange gas. There is around 150 ml air who occupies parts channel Respiratory in outside alveoli. By Because That, if every minute We breathe 12 time so air fresh Which reach alveoli not 500 ml x 12 = 6,000 ml, but (500 – 150) ml x 12 = 4,200 ml. Amount this is called ventilation alveolar. Speed breathe influenced by a number of matter, between other temperature, oxygen, And carbon dioxide. 1) Temperature On moment temperature body tall, for example fever, speed breathe increase. 2) Oxygen If rate oxygen down for example moment fatigue after run hence speed breathe increase. 3) Carbon dioxide If the level of carbon dioxide in the blood increases, the speed of breathing will decrease increase. 3. Gas Transportation Oxygen And carbon dioxide No so just can transported by blood And diffuse to network. There is mechanism special the shrinkage, that is dissolves completely physique And late in a way chemical in blood. a. Transportation Oxygen Only part small oxygen (1.5%) Which late in a way physique in blood, the rest (98.5%) late in hemoglobin. O2 Which in a way physique late in plasma blood the amount very A little because of O2 not enough late in fluid body. Amount Which dissolved compare pressure blood oxygen , the more tall pressure oxygen the more easy late O 2 . On pressure normal arteries as big as 100 mmHg, only 3 ml O 2 Which can late in 1 liter blood. With thereby, only 15 ml O 2 /min Which can dissolved in Genre Normal lung blood is 5 ml/minute. Even at rest, cells consume until 250 ml O 2/minute, And amount can increase until two fifty- five times more during vigorous exercise. To distribute O 2 needed by the network even in circumstances Rest, bulk heart must reach 83.3 liter/ minute if O 2 only can transported in form dissolved. With hemoglobin, something molecule proteins Which contain iron, have the ability For form bond loose-reversible with O 2 . If not tied with O2 , Hb called as hemoglobin reduced, if bond with O2 , _ Hb called as oxyhemoglobin (HbO 2 ). b. Carbon Dioxide Transport Carbon monoxide (CO) And O 2 compete For occupy place the same binding to Hb, but Hb's affinity for CO 2 is 240 times stronger in comparison with strength bond between Hb And O 2 . Bond CO And Hb known as carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO). Because Hb more tend bonded with CO, existence CO although A little can tie Hb in amount Which relatively large, so that No available Hb For transport O 2 . CO is gas poisonous Which generated during burning No perfect carbon products, such as fuel, cars, coal, wood, and tobacco. Carbon monoxide very dangerous Because Work in a way disguised (hidden). If CO is produced in a closed environment, the concentration continues increase (as example, in in car Which currently parked with engine is on And window closed), CO the can reach rate turn off without realizing it by the victim. Carbon monoxide No can detected Because No odorless, colorless and tasteless. When blood arteries flow through capillary network, CO 2 diffuse following the decline gradient pressure partial from cell network to in blood. Carbon dioxide transported in blood with three method, that is dissolved in a way physique, bound to Hb, and as bicarbonate. Like dissolved O 2 , the amount of CO 2 that physically dissolves in the blood depends on pressure blood. Because in blood CO 2 more late than O 2 , proportion CO 2 total in blood Which in a way physique late more big compared to by O2 . _ Though thus, only 10% from content CO2 _ total blood transported with way this on rate pressure CO2 _ vein systemic normal. Three tens percent CO 2 other bonded with Hb For form carbamino hemoglobin (HbCO 2). Carbon dioxide bonded with part globin from Hb, different with O 2Which bonded with part hem. Hb reduced own affinity _ more big For CO 2 than HbO 2 . With thereby, liberation O 2 from Hb in capillary network make it easier Hb absorb CO 2 . Method most importantly For transport CO is as bicarbonate (HCO – ), that is 60% CO changed become HCO3.