University:
California State University, Northridge
Course:
BIOL 04014 | Human Biological Sciences
Academic year:

2023
Views:

160

Pages:

2
Author:

customer-8199728

Cellular Components of the Immune System I. Innate Immune Cells (Non-specific, immediate response; no memory) 1. Neutrophils: - Most abundant leukocytes; phagocytic. - Kill microbes using reactive oxygen species and enzymes. - First responders in acute inflammation. 2. Monocytes/Macrophages: - Monocytes in blood, macrophages in tissue. - Phagocytic and antigen-presenting. - Secrete cytokines (e.g., IL-1, TNF-alpha). 3. Dendritic Cells: - Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs). - Activate naive T cells by presenting antigens. 4. Eosinophils: - Combat parasitic infections. - Involved in allergies; release major basic protein. 5. Basophils: - Least common granulocytes. - Involved in allergic reactions; release histamine. 6. Mast Cells: - Found in tissues; similar to basophils. - Key role in anaphylaxis and IgE-mediated allergies. 7. Natural Killer (NK) Cells: - Kill virus-infected and tumor cells without MHC restriction. - Use perforin and granzymes to induce apoptosis. Cellular Components of the Immune System II. Adaptive Immune Cells (Antigen-specific, memory-forming) 1. T Lymphocytes (T Cells): - CD4+ Helper T Cells: Activate B cells, macrophages, and CD8+ T cells. Recognize MHC II. - CD8+ Cytotoxic T Cells: Kill infected/cancerous cells. Recognize MHC I. - Regulatory T Cells: Suppress immune response; maintain self-tolerance. 2. B Lymphocytes (B Cells): - Mature in bone marrow. - Differentiate into Plasma Cells (produce antibodies) and Memory B Cells (long-term immunity). III. Supporting Cells - Plasma Cells: Terminal B cells producing antibodies (IgG, IgM, etc.). - Memory Cells: Long-lived cells enabling faster response upon re-exposure.

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