Microbial Diversity and Metabolism

MICROBIOLOGY Diversity Microbes The diversity of microbes that exist today is the result of the evolutionary process over time billions of years on earth. This diversity includes diversity in phylogeny, morphology, physiology, ability to adapt to the environment and so on. Figure 1 shows a tree phylogeny from all three domains are recognized At the moment through analysis ribosomal sequence comparison RNA(rRNA). The Bacteria and Archaea domains are prokaryotic organisms that do not have membrane core And organelle membrane. Difference second domain the located onThe peptidoglycan content of Bacteria cell walls is not found in Archaea. Apart from that, structureBacteria membrane lipids are composed of unbranched hydrocarbon chains, whereas in Archaea are found to have several branched hydrocarbon chains. The Eucarya domain is composed of Organisms that have a nuclear membrane and organelles membrane. Eucarya also does not have peptidoglycan component of the cell wall. Apart from that, the similarities between Eucarya and other archaea namely the presence of various RNA polymerases, the initiator amino acid in the form of methionine, the presence of introns on genes certain And etc. Intron That Alone is sequence DNA Which transcribed but undergoes a cutting process so that it is not found in the mRNA ripe. Picture 1 . Tree phylogenetic from three domain organism (Madigan et al. , 2015) The diversity of metabolism in microbes lies in their energy sources used and carbon sources. Chemoorganotrophic organisms acquire the energy source comes from organic chemical compounds such as glucose, acetate etc. Chemolithotrophs trap energy resulting from the oxidation of inorganic compounds such as H 2 , H 2 S, NH 3 , and Fe 2+ . Most organisms Chemolithotrophs are often found in the Bacteria and Archaea domains. Group of phototrophs have pigments that can convert light energy into chemical energy. Based on sources the carbon, organism differentiated become heterotroph And autotroph. Organism autotroph obtain their carbon source from free CO2, while heterotrophs consume the compound Which contain carbon. Use definition the, in a way automatic part big chemoorganotrophs is heterotrophs , whereas part big chemolithotrophs And phototrophs including into the autotrophs . The ability of bacteria to survive in various conditions also contributes to diversity of existing microbes. Some extreme conditions such as too high or too high temperature Low areas that are uninhabitable for most species can actually become living environments which is suitable for some organisms that have been specialized to live in these conditions. Table 1 summarize diversity organism Which found in various condition extreme. Reference :  Campbell, N. A., reece, J. B., Urry, L. A., Cain, m L., Wasserman, S. A., Minorsky, P V. And Jackson R. B. 2008. Biology, 8 yrs edition. San Francisco : Pearson Benjamin Cummings.  Madigan, m T., Martinko, J. M., Bender, K. S., Buckley, D. H., And Stahl D. A. 2015. Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 14 yrs edition. San Francisco : Pearson Education. QUESTION Information following This used For answer question number 1-4 A number of species bacteria grown in tube Which contain medium culturethioglycolate. A little agar has been added to the medium to maintain the consistency of the medium the liquid is not disturbed. Resazurin dye was also added to the medium which changed color become red young when oxidized And No colored when reduced. Results test the showed on picture following. ( Madigan et al. 2015. Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 14 yrs ed. ) 1. Microbes with the same growth pattern as tubes a and e respectivelyis group bacteria … a. Aerob facultative And microaerophilic b. Microaerophilic And aerotolerant c. Aerobics And aerotolerant d. Chemoorganotrophs And phototroph e. No There is answer Which Correct Answer : C It can be seen that at the bottom of the tube there is a part that is missing oxygen, while the pink part is a medium oxygen was found. A : aerobic, b : anaerobic, c : facultative aerobic, d : microaerophilic, e :aerotolerant 2. Microbes with the same growth pattern as tube d may be found on habitat … a. Water in lake b. Channel breathing part on c. Surface skin d. Intestines big mammals e. Sediment anoxic lake Answer : A Microaerophiles are found in areas with lower oxygen levels than oxygen levels in the atmosphere 3. Escherichia coli If cultured using mediums Which The same possibility will own patternWhich The same with … a. Tube a b. Tube b c. Tube c d. Tube d e. Tube e Answer : C E. coli is a facultative aerobic organism that can grow better when present oxygen 4. Following This statement Which appropriate about need microbes to oxygen is … a. Microbes aerotolerant No need oxygen in its metabolism And Nocan grow more Good with presence oxygen b. Microbes from group Clostridium sp. classified into the anaerobes obligate c. Enzyme peroxidase can neutralize toxicity from hydrogen peroxide withchange it become water d. Answer a and c Correct e. All answer Correct Answer : E All answer Correct