European History The Scientific Revolution

University:
California State University, Northridge
Course:
HIST 111 | World History Since 1500
Academic year:

2022
Views:

363

Pages:

3
Author:

lkalqie

The Scientific Revolution ● A time of new discoveries in science and math ○ That prove ancient philosophers wrong ○ That change people's beliefs Astronomy ● The ancient worldview- Aristotle ● The Earth and Humans are at the center of the universe ● The sun, planets and stars move around in perfect circles ● The sky is perfect and never changes ○ Heaven is above the stars Ptolemy- Astronomer and mapmaker Copernicus 1473-1543 ● Says the Earth and planets move around the sun ● Is able to make more accurate predictions about where the planets will be The Gregorian Calendar ● Calendar used since Roman Times- was wrong by many days Pope Gregory XIII makes new calendar with and extra day every four years (leap years) ○ We use this calendar to this day Tychno Brahe Kepler ● The orbits of the planets are actually ovals, not circles Galileo 1564-1642 ● First to use the telescope to look at the sky ○ Discovers the planets have moons, the sun has spots ○ Proves Copernicus;s correct observations ● Publicly advocates for Copernicus’s theory ● Condemned by the Inquisition - his books are banned, he takes back what he said and lives under house arrest ● Galileo on Trial 1633 Knowledge of Human Anatomy Francis Bacon ● Invents the scientific method ○ Finding out what is true by doing experiments rather than using theories from old resources Rene Descartes ● All we can trust is reason (logical sense) ○ You can’t trust what you see and hear ● “Cogito Ergo sum” ○ “I think, therefore I am” ● Thinks world is made up of individual particles (like atoms) ● Invents Cartesian coordinate plane Blaise Pascal ● Invents calculator( pascaline calculator) Anton Van Leeuwenhoek ● First microscopist and microbiologist Robert Hooke ● Discovered cells by studying the honeycomb structure of a cork under a microscope Robert Boyle ● Experiments with gas and pressure Issac Newton ● Invented calculus ● Discovered gravity (force that attracts all objects to each other, causes orbits of the planets, and makes things fall to Earth) ● Made universal laws of motion for all objects