University:
California State University, Northridge
Course:
SOC 545 / Seminar in Social Psychology
Academic year:

2024
Views:

356

Pages:

11
Author:

pegueriaiw0

SOCIAL EXCHANGE THEORY TRIBUTARIES  John von Neumann- games and economic/social behavior: parallel or opposite interest, perfect or imperfect information, rational decision or chance influence. ‘Strategy of anticipation’, or need to take the other actor/s into account. Win lose situations, or the zero-sum game. Cont.  John Nash- games are not always zero-sum; interactions include the possibility of mixed motive games.  The minimax principle- people seek to maximize benefits and minimize costs. Interdependence Theory Premises and Assumptions  Relational outcomes are linked with the actions of others.  Members of the dyad can accurately predict outcomes and will choose the best.  Not necessarily win/lose; interdependence implies that we negotiate our moves based on anticipation of the actions of others. PRISONER’S DILEMMA  Potential for gain at the others expense.  Also potential for win/win or lose/lose outcome.  Both parties want optimum outcome. RESULTS  Outcome- rewards minus costs represented by a single number.  Comparison Level (CL)- satisfaction depends on expectation; the threshold above which an outcome seems attractive.  Comparison level of alternatives (CLalt)- the worst outcome one will accept and stay in the relationship. Some predictions….  Outcome>CLalt>CL = satisfying, stable, nondependent.  CL>CLalt>Outcome = not satisfying, break relationship, continue unhappy.  CL>Outcome>CLalt = highly unsatisfying, can’t break away, dependent and unhappy…the Prisoner’s Dilemma. Dependence and Control  Outcomes > CLalt = high dependence.  Outcomes < CLalt = low dependence.  T and K identify three types of control: reflexive, fate and behavior.  These forms are juggled in interdependent relationships.  The relationship is not evaluated in an evaluative sense. Collective and Ind Outcomes  Why do people often act in ways that appear contrary to their own interests, even with knowledge of outcome values?  T and K see this as evidence of collective, social behavior.  Anxiety- reframing the conflict to relieve tension; mentally altering the numbers by redefining the situation.  Normative element- turning to collective principle for action when a situation is confusing.  Temporal element- focus on future rewards.

Social Exchange Theory: Costs, Rewards, and Comparison Levels

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