University:
Cambridge College
Course:
SCI 225W | Foundations in Biology
Academic year:

2023
Views:

123

Pages:

2
Author:

M Theodore

Aerobic Respiration and Anaerobic Respiration Aerobic respiration is a breathing process that requires oxygen from the air. Anaerobic respiration, also called fermentation or intramolecular respiration, is a reaction that does not require free oxygen from the air. The purpose of fermentation is the same as aerobic respiration, namely to obtain energy. It's just that the energy produced in anaerobic respiration is much less than aerobic respiration. Pay attention to the following reactions! Aerobic respiration: C6 H12O6 + 6 CO2 6 CO2 + 6 H2 O + 675 cal + 38 ATP Anaerobic respiration: C6 H12O6 2 C2 H5 OH + 2 CO2 + 28 kcal + 2 ATP Anaerobic respiration can take place in free air, but this process does not use the O2 available in the air. Fermentation is often referred to as alcoholic fermentation or alcoholization.In aerobic and anaerobic respiration, pyruvic acid resulting from the glycolysis process is a substrate. The pyruvic acid produced in the glycolysis process can be metabolized into different compounds depending on whether oxygen is available or not. Under aerobic conditions (in the presence of oxygen) the mitochondrial enzyme system is able to catalyze the oxidation of pyruvic acid to CO2 and H2 O and liberate energy. Under anaerobic conditions, plant cells and tissues can convert pyruvic acid into CO2 and ethyl alcohol and release energy. Pyruvic acid can also be converted into CO2 and lactic acid in muscle cells , releasing energy. This form of respiration is commonly known as fermentation. In anaerobic respiration, the pathway taken includes:   Glycolysis pathway. Formation of alcohol (alcoholic fermentation) or formation of lactic acid (lactic acid fermentation). The final electron acceptor is not oxygen, but alcohol and/or lactic acid molecules. The energy produced is only 2 ATP molecules for each glucose molecule.    a. Alcoholic fermentation Occurs in several microorganisms such as fungi (yeast). The alcoholic fermentation process is a waste, because most of the energy contained in the glucose molecule is still contained in the molecule, this is what causes ethanol to be used as an alternative fuel. 2 CH3 COCOOH (pyruvic acid) 2 CH3 CH2 OH + 2CO2 + 28 kcal (ethanol carbon dioxide) b. Lactic acid fermentation This occurs because the muscle cells are working too hard, the available energy is not balanced with the speed of energy utilization because the existing oxygen levels are not sufficient for aerobic respiration or cellular respiration, so that the process of breaking down glucose molecules to produce ATP (energy) cannot take place aerobically.

Aerobic Respiration and Anaerobic Respiration

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